Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Noble Energy Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Noble Energy Inc - Essay Example Throughout the years of its existence, the company has managed to overcome a lot of economic challenges which have encouraged and promoted them to have a strong financial cash flow system. Some of the operations that have enhanced their financial status include: their on-shore and off-shore operations that are located in different parts of the world. The company has been planning to expand its operations strategically by promoting partnerships that will allow it to save on costs and leverage on the expertise of the company. As a result, the company has ventured into fulfilling partnerships with several energy companies worldwide. It is without doubt that strategic partnerships and alliances always ensure that a company has a strong business foundation for years to come. The company’s oil drilling technology is up to par with the current standards. With that, they have an added advantage over energy companies that have not yet acquired the latest drilling technologies. In addition to that, their leadership and management can be termed as solemn since they have driven the company to the level that they are in currently. The market that is available is open for more energy options to be realized by the different energy companies. It is without doubt that if the company invests in natural gas plants they will have a variety of energy solutions to offer to their customers.

Monday, October 28, 2019

City Road Essay Example for Free

City Road Essay Another would be that pedestrians seem to be favoured more so than motorists. For instance the islands in the middle of the road, they are there to make crossing City Road safer and more convenient to those who travel by foot. The island isn’t just the concrete mound in the middle of the road, it also includes the paint on the ground around it which cars are not allowed to drive over. Again, the bollards that were erected along the pavements are there to favour pedestrians. The reason why they were put there is to stop vehicles parking on the curbs, which was a problem before the bollards were put in place as the cars and lorries would park right over the pavements making it difficult for people to walk past and leaving less space for people with prams or wheelchairs to go round. Some things favour different groups because they appeal to different groups. Take for example the Taste Buds Cafe; one thing that struck me straight away was that the majority of the customers in there were predominantly female and mostly the older generation. They like to go in there because it appeals to them, it appeals to them because; The price is reasonable- a lot of the customers will be drawing a pension so keeping costs down is important to them, They feel safe- because there are regulars who go there and they get familiar with one another and that gives the customers a sense of safety because they know what to expect and Mr Suarez the cafe owner aids in the feeling of safety through being consistent in the way in which he runs his business. Also the menu is all home cooked and this is important to his customers. Because of all these factors, Mr Suarez’s cafe is geared more towards the older generation than the younger ones so in a sense it is favouring, although that isn’t altogether a bad thing. Lastly I would mention the security cameras. They are positioned all over City Road and they are there for a number of reasons, one reason is that a crime is less likely to be committed in an area which has CCTV (which deters people from offending) and also it makes people in the area feel safer knowing that these things are in place to not only aid in the catching of the people who commit the crimes but also that it is part of crime prevention too. CCTV is important on City Road because it does make the residence feel that little bit safer, a lot of them feel that the road is a bit â€Å"rough† and not the sort of place you would like to walk down at night, even though the local policeman denies that there is a problem with crime in the area. People just perceive it to be a crime hotspot, despite having little to no experience of any serious crimes having taken place on the road. Most of the material things on City Road favour one group over another but some inadvertently and some deliberately, the issue with the busses for example is inadvertent. They are not purposely designed to be inconvenient to a certain

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Adoph Hitler :: essays research papers

The young years: Adoph Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 and lived in south Austria. He left for high school at the age of twelve and did poorly and never did finish. In 1903, his father died when Hitler was only fourteen years old. In 1907, Hitler decided to leave for Vienna to attend the Academy School of Fine Arts. Due to his unsatisfactory drawings, Hitler failed to be accepted. Soon after that, he received a letter from his sister informing him of his mother’s illness, cancer. Hitler headed back home to stay with his mother until the end. His mother died in the year of 1907, and Hitler tried again at the Academy School of Fine Arts. He was, again, rejected due to severe competition of acceptance. Hitler sold his paintings on the streets in order to survive. In August 1914, Hitler volunteered for the army. Later in his army career he received two of the most honorable awards, the first class iron cross. A man told Hitler of a rumor stating the Bavarian government is going to break away from Germany and join Austria. Outraged, Hitler gave many persuasive speeches on why the government shouldn’t break away. Later Hitler took over a group and renaming it NSADAP, which is infamously known as the Nazi party. Hitler tried taking over the Bavarian government by force. This invasion caused his imprisonment of five years, but he happened to be released after about six months. While in prison, he began writing his book Mein Kamph (My Struggle). When Hitler was released from prison, he quickly found out that the Nazi party membership has fallen drastically. The party was no longer allowed to have private and public meetings and Hitler could no longer speak in public. Hitler was determined to bring the Nazi party back together. The party began to grow slowly and in secret, and after the stock market crash hundreds and soon thousands joined each month due to the public rallies produced by Hitler. With his popularity growing at an outrageous speed, Hitler decided to take over the whole country. Before the elections, he launched a major propaganda campaign. He soon won a seat in the Reichstag, German congress. Hitler had a chance at becoming Chancellor, but was beat out by the previous Chancellor, Charles Bruning. Now the Nazi was official the second largest party in the country, next to the Communist.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Post-Post Critiques of Racism Essay -- Racism

Carrie Mae Weems and Hank Willis Thomas are two contemporary artists who are defying contemporary social and political categories and taking art photo into an engage era. The essays by Annie E Coombes provide a critical analysis of how the contemporary scene is moving beyond categories of post modern, and post race. Both are efforts to rescue contemporary artists who are dealing with forms of oppression from being described as old fashion or out of date. Carrie Mae Weems is an African American photographer. She was born in 1953 in Portland, Oregon and she currently resides in Brooklyn NY. Her work deals with the issues such as identity, racism, gender, etc. Weems moved to San Francisco after high school where she got her BA and then she finished her MFA in San Diego, CA. Her first body of work was â€Å"Family Pictures and Stories† which she finished in 1983. Almost all of her work is focused on racism, Gender and finding her own identity as an African American artist. She has won numerous awards for her work in the field of photography. â€Å"Friends of Photography named her photographer of the year. She was awarded â€Å"the distinguished photographer’s award† in 2005, for making contribution in the realm of photography. Her work has been exhibited across the United States, and internationally. The Coombes article on Weems contrasts the artist work against the political popularity of Obama (among Whites at least). Coombes is arguing that Weems is still relevant and that a critique of racism is still vital in American art. Weems draws on historical views of race but looks at it from a new and distinct way. She finds hidden racist themes in anthropological photographic styles that become very obvious when s... ...n tradition in politics and art that is conscious of race and racism. Both are however moving into new areas and could be called postmodern or post racism. Both critiques are trying to reclaim the post-political, or reposition political involvement in art. Art that is new a fresh connects older critiques of oppression to more recent ones. Reference: Official website of Hank Willis Thomas, http://hankwillisthomas.com/ Retrieve at 12/14/2011. Official website of Carrie Mae Weems, http://carriemaeweems.net/ Retrieve at 12/14/2011. Women in Photography International, http://www.womeninphotography.org/Events-Exhibits/DistinguishedPhotog/CarrieMaeWeems_2005/Weems.html Retrieve at 12/14/2011. W.E.B Du Bois Institute African and African American Research, http://dubois.fas.harvard.edu/hank-willis-thomas Retrieve at 12/14/2011.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Globalization Essay

Effects of Globalization As Candied said (a character created by Voltaire), we must cultivate our garden. Globalization causes diversity between cultures because unfortunately thanks to globalization, the world changes negatively day by day and also cultures are shaped according to this change. In today’s world we have to cultivate ourselves In order to exist in society, Cooperation in cultures helps to follow this change and creates new identities. According to Tyler Cowmen, globalization has a cultural benefits for society but in contrast Dry. Stranger argues that globalization creates a monotone identities which people want to attain It. Thus, this change which we call cross-culture has both negative and positive side and from my point of view, It’s true that cross-culture has positive effects for creating diversity in cultures but by a majority, globalization has a negative side on us as Dry. Stranger claims. Society’s perspective determine women and men roles in society. Before the period of globalization there was a definitive gap between genders. Thus, thanks to globalization, society’s point of view changes on man and women positively. Before, women have to look beautiful, made-up and have specific body size which makes them all seem bland and plastic like Barry dolls. They don’t have right to work because they are fragile, naive and emotional but In contrast, man has to be a bread winner because they are strong, not sensitive and independent. Therefore Simons De Behavior (French philosopher) used Hedge’s description of the master-slave dialectic. She compared the terms â€Å"master† and â€Å"slave† with â€Å"subject† and â€Å"other. She claims â€Å"The subject Is the absolute. The other Is the inessential. † (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2010) Therefore she argues hat there is a huge inequality between genders and this inequality put women into the background. However, after the French revolution, the world started to change. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France was over; people became aware of what they were and what they can do. Thus, this revolution caused a big change in Europe, After this revolution, Europe had entered into three revolutions and the most effective one was is the industrial revolution. Thanks to the industrial revolution, society perspective was shaped differently because states started to cooperate between each other. As a conclusion, society needs more labor and this event caused a change in gender roles. Women may also place in the work place which reduces the inequality between man and women. Also this is a revolution of new identities because we act our social roles how society wants. This revolution causes a change in social perspective, culture, so people’s view Is also change which creates new identities. After all. People developed themselves. As Tyler Cowmen claims â€Å"Look at a book and ask yourself, where does paper come from, where does printing come from, where do the ideas in the book come from? What’s the religious background of the author? (Really Creative Destination August,2003) Thanks to revolution, Europe made a trade between each other which caused a diversity in cultures. They changed all their view in every subject especially in gender roles. Thus, this interaction caused a change in whole world. People became more open-minded and they cultivate ‘Off Cowmen affirms, these discoveries created more comfortable lives. Consequently, I’m agree with the idea that interaction lead to the development of personality. It’s true that globalization has a positive side as has been illustrated, but in my opinion, costly, it has a negative side. For instance, the inequality between rich and poor increases. The Rich get richer and poor get poorer. Economic power causes this difference which influences the culture. It’s indispensable that people should protect their own traditions but globalization cause a loss of cultural identities. Most of the world tries to act according to American lifestyle because America has all the economic, politic power. Therefore, globalization can lift people out of poverty but the inequalities between groups get stronger. People wear same clothes; same shoes and eat same foods such as fast food. They follow same trends and same dream so as Dry. Stranger claims â€Å"As humans we naturally measure ourselves to those around us, but now we live in a ‘global village’ we are comparing ourselves with the most ‘significant’ people in the world and finding ourselves wanting. † (Bates, 2011). Accordingly, this global village which Dry. Stranger mentions causes a loss of cultural identities because we act and try to be like a dominant culture. In fact, we don’t want to be like a dominant culture. They force us to be like them, they manipulate our brains so they make pressure on us that we should act according to their rules. For example; George Orwell explains this situation in one of them his books which is 1984. In 1984, he creates a character which he entitles Big Brother who is a dictator of his own state and he forces his people to obey them. He manipulates their brains and he gives a role to play for existing in society. Thus these people loss their identity also their personality as we do. The another example is sass’s Turkey which we experienced the period of wrong westernizes due to media and literary influence. In sass’s all of Turkish people try to live like Europe. However, their lifestyle is not laid for our culture so in time family values changed and were mostly lost. Also our language started to get lost their value which is a another negative side of globalization. Languages lost their value day by day and it’s a big cultural loss because language is the most important element of identity. As Tyler Cowmen approved the cross-culture, he also add â€Å"In terms of culture, there is a loss. For instance, it’s absolutely true that a lot of languages are dying. † (Really Creative Destination August,2003). Therefore in sass’s Turkey people migrate to Europe and if e read the books of this time we will observe that writers use French in order to use Turkish. Also if we regard today’s world everyone use English in order to use their tongue. In this manner, I may say that, globalization creates diversity but this diversity also creates a chaos in culture because people start to take someone as a roll-model and try to live like that. In this case, we observe a loss in cultural traditions which makes a negative effects on society. Again Taylor Cowmen argues â€Å"The Julian Simon point that the gains are much larger than the costs is certainly true. Really Creative Destination August,2003). I’m totally disagree with this claim so from my point of view, in this situation, the costs are much larger than the gains because when we lost cultural values there will defends that globalization has a positive effect on cultures because thanks to diversity people make change in t heir perspective especially, they start to know many cultures which help to develop themselves. However I’m disagree with this idea like Dry. Stranger. Globalization damages cultural values. It’s true that thanks to globalization people are not stay shallow but constantly, it causes a loss in cultural identities. Therefore, I assert the idea of protectionism. Everyone should protect their cultural values and be aware of what they are. Otherwise; in the future, there will be a monotone people as Dry. Stranger asserted. Eventually, this cultural interaction causes a shape in society negatively to the contrary of the claim of Taylor Cowmen. Works Cited Ibuprofen, Debra. â€Å"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy’ 2010. Simons De Behavior. Cowmen, Tyler. â€Å"Really Creative Destruction August† September, 2003. Interviewed by Nick Gillespie of Reason Magazine. Bates, Claire. â€Å"The Daily Mail†.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

The Legue The UN the Future essays

The Legue The UN the Future essays During the First World War several world leaders such as President of the United States(U.S.) Woodrow Wilson and South African Prime Minster Jan Smuts, advocated the need for an international organization that preserved peace and settled disputes by arbitration. When peace negotiations began in October 1918,United States president Woodrow Wilson insisted that his Fourteen Points serve as a basis for the signing of the Armistice . The Armistice included the formation of the League of Nations (here after refereed to as the League). And as the years went by the League grew to be a formidable organization. It's goals and objectives were precise, they were to attain and maintain world peace. By 1935 the League had declined severely. And In 1945 the League ended and the United Nations (referred to as the UN) took its place. There were a lot of similarities between the two organizations, however the differences were apparent as well. Scholars have tried to ascertain why the League failed to achieve its goals. What were declining factors? Moreover, is the UN a direct result of those factors with a few modifications to satisfy the demands of the world today. The object of this paper to analyze Whether the UN is a direct extension of the League and if so why or why not and under what circumstance? By 1919 the idea of international co-operation was not new. There had been a few earlier attempts, for example: The International Red Cross in Geneva 1964; International Telegraph Union in 1865; The International; Meteorological Organization in 1878 and the International Court, The Hague in 1899. However, these were all unsuccessful attempts. So, by April 1919 the constitution of the League was adopted in the Paris Peace Conference . The Aims of the organization were to a) to keep peace and b) to improve living conditions of men and women worldwide. The Leagues Council consisted of the great powers (Britain, France, Italy and Japa...

Monday, October 21, 2019

History of Post Office Technology

History of Post Office Technology At the turn of the 20th century, the Post Office Department relied entirely on antiquated mailhandling operations, such as the pigeonhole method of letter sorting, a holdover from colonial times. Although crude sorting machines were proposed by inventors of canceling machines in the early 1900s and tested in the 1920s, the Great Depression and World War II postponed widespread development of post office mechanization until the mid-1950s. The Post Office Department then took major steps toward mechanization by initiating projects and awarding contracts for the development of a number of machines and technologies, including letter sorters, facer-cancelers, automatic address readers, parcel sorters, advanced tray conveyors, flat sorters, and letter mail coding and stamp-tagging technology. Post Office Sorting Machines Post Office Cancelers Post Office Optical Character Reader Mechanization increased productivity. By the mid-1970s, however, it was clear that cheaper, more efficient methods and equipment were needed if the Postal Service was to offset rising costs associated with growing mail volume. To reduce the number of mail piece handlings, the Postal Service began to develop an expanded ZIP Code in 1978. The new code required new equipment. The Post Office entered the age of automation in September 1982 when the first computer-driven single-line optical character reader was installed in Los Angeles. The equipment required a letter to be read only once at the originating office by an OCR, which printed a barcode on the envelope. At the destinating office, a less expensive barcode sorter (BCS) sorted the mail by reading its barcode. Following the introduction of the ZIP4 code in 1983, the first delivery phase of the new OCR channel sorters and BCSs was completed by mid-1984. Today, a new generation of equipment is changing the way mail flows and improving productivity. Multiline optical character readers (MLOCRs) read the entire address on an envelope, spray a barcode on the envelope, then sort it at the rate of more than nine per second. Wide area barcode readers can read a barcode virtually anywhere on a letter. Advanced facer-canceler systems face, cancel, and sort mail. The remote barcoding system (RBCS) provides barcoding for handwritten script mail or mail that cannot be read by OCRs. Walk-It Until now, most of the emphasis in automation has been processing machine-imprinted mail. Still, letter mail with addresses that were handwritten or not machine-readable had to be processed manually or by a letter sorting machine. The RBCS now allows most of this mail to receive delivery point barcodes without being removed from the automated mailstream. When MLOCRs cannot read an address, they spray an identifying code on the back of the envelope. Operators at a data entry site, which may be far from the mail processing facility, read the address on a video screen and key a code that allows a computer to determine the ZIP Code information. The results are transmitted back to a modified barcode sorter, which pulls the 11-digit ZIP Code information for that item, and sprays the correct barcode on the front of the envelope. The mail then can be sorted within the automated mailstream. Handling Paper Flow Competition and Change Competition grew for every postal product. The rise of fax machines, electronic communications, and other technologies offered alternatives for conveying bills, statements, and personal messages. Entrepreneurs and publishing companies set up alternate delivery networks in an attempt to hold down the costs of delivering magazines and newspapers. Many third-class mailers, finding their mailing budgets reduced and their postage rates increased higher than expected, began shifting some of their expenditures to other forms of advertising, including cable television and telemarketing. Private companies continued to dominate the market for the urgent delivery of mail and packages.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Strategic Management Essays

Strategic Management Essays Strategic Management Essay Strategic Management Essay Essay Topic: The Glass Castle As the textbook say: The positive view of strategy is concerned with the firms actual strategy and how it comes to be. The normative view, on the other hand, is concerned with what the firms strategy should be. Positive view is actual exist but normative view is opinion based. . How do you assess innovative capabilities in a business or corporation. Innovation capabilities can be defined as the comprehensive set Of heartsickness of an organization that facilitate and support innovation strategies. Innovative capabilities exist at the business unit and corporate (multi business) levels. Business unit level audit: Timing of market entry. Technological leadership or fellowship. Scope of innovativeness. Rate of innovativeness. Five important categories of variables influence the innovation strategies of a business: Resources available for innovative activity Capacity to understand competitors strategies and industry evolution with respect to innovation Capacity to understand technological developments elevate to the business unit. Structural and cultural context of the business unit affecting internal entrepreneurial behavior. Strategic management capacity to deal with internal entrepreneurial initiatives. Corporate level audit: In general, corporate level innovate capabilities can be characterized in terms of: The scope and rate of development of new products and services and production and delivery systems that are derived from combining innovative capabilities across existing business units. The scope and rate of new business development based on corporate R and technology development efforts. The timing of entry with respect to the previous two. Five categories of variables are considered for the corporate level audit: Resource availability and allocation. Virgin offers two mobile broadband tariffs (see Table 1). Its launch offering was a standalone package of BOB for GOBI 5 per month. It was followed shortly afterwards by the launch of a bundle of fixed and mobile broadband services, priced at either KBPS or GOBI more than the fixed broadband service on its own. No further tariffs have been introduced. Table 1: Virgin Medias mobile broadband tariffs [Source: Analyses Mason, 2009] Tariff Price Standalone Bundled Bandwidth cap Excess charge Contact length GOBI 5 BOB GUPPY per MOB 18 months KBPS or GOBI addition to fixed broadband price KGB 12 months The lower price is available to subscribers of higher-speed fixed broadband services. Virgins standalone offering is not differentiated from the competition However, there is little to differentiate Virgin Medias standalone offering from the competition: it is almost identical to the tariffs of the Auks five Moos, including those of its host, T- Mobile. All five Moos charge no more than Virgin for the same package, at GOBI 5 per month (see Table 2), and have offerings that are superior in several ways. For example, T-Mobile does not levy excess charges on its subscribers, which Virgin and the other four operators do. This gives T-Mobile an advantage in winning subscribers who want to be able to predict the of the size of their bill. Most of the other operators also offer a choice of contract lengths and prepaid tariffs; Virgin offers neither. T-Mobile offers four contract lengths (including a rolling contract) as well as prepaid accounts; Hutchison 36 1-J and Avoidance offer three (and prepaid) and 02 offers two (and prepaid). Only Orange is the same as Virgin in offering no choice at all. Table 2: I-J operators standalone mobile broadband offerings [Source: Analyses Mason, 2009] Operator Contract types/lengths offered Prepaid Rolling 12-month 24-month (18-month contract) 8 GOBI 5. 00 Virgin Media Modem price Excess charges? Free Yes Hutchison G 9 02 GUPPY. 69 Orange GUPPY. 68 T-Mobile No Avoidance Note: Introductory discounts, where applicable, have been spread over the duration of the contract to enable comparison. 1 12-month contract. Avoidance does not offer a rolling contract, but it has a powerful alternative in the form of its prepaid deal, which offers subscribers credit that lasts for six months, as compared with the more common one-month expiry limit for prepaid credit. L For further details, see Wheaton, M. Moos should priorities prepaid mobile broadband offers over rolling monthly contracts, Analyses Mason (Cambridge, 2009). O Analyses Mason Limited 2009 3 Virgin (and Orange) are therefore unable to address two key market segments, which comprise users who are: ; unwilling to commit to a contract either because they are new to mobile broadband, or for other reasons unlikely to view a contract as good value for money because their usage will be low or irregular. Hutchison 36, T-Mobile and Avoidance are able to address the needs of these customers, whereas Virgin (and Orange) are likely to struggle.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Communication with Families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication with Families - Essay Example Teachers should treat everyone equally. A very good thing that is visible from the address that the teacher has made a generous consideration when she is making the speech. She even had a translator at the speech; this would have reduced the barrier between the parents and the teachers. It is very important that the barriers are reduced so that the communication takes place in a perfect way. Another consideration that she has made is that she has kept the meeting after 8 pm. This makes the parents feel that the teacher is actually looking forward to the improvement of the children and they are genuinely concerned. The parents would feel honored and respected and would actually take interest in the child’s growth and development. For a proper communication it is very important that all kinds of barriers are crossed and gotten rid of so that the message goes without any impurity to the receiver. That is why the explanation of the jargons and the terms is important and it has bee n done by the teacher who is giving the introductory session. Also, she is doing it subtly and, therefore, the parents would not feel degraded or troubled when they feel that the teacher is explaining each and everything (Mendoza, 2003). ... The teacher has also made it easier for the parents to become involved as she has used simpler terms and jargons so that the parents can feel that they are not very laid back or not educated at all (Mendoza, 2003). This quote is from the part when the teacher actually makes the effort to disclose all the information to the parents and plans on making this easier for them. According to Welch and Tisdale, â€Å"To make sure you understand how my classroom will be run, I have written a disclosure document and made a copy for all of you. A disclosure document is just a written explanation about how I will grade your children, what my class rules are, and other general information to help you understand my classroom† (Welch &Tisdale,1986). Another quote that can be given here is the one that is related to the extra time that teacher is willing to put in and has kept it at the time when the parents of the children are available (Epstein, 2001). The quotes clearly show that the teach er is making efforts to actually help the parents in continuing the education of their children and providing them guidance at each and every step so that the parents can actually participate equally in the education of the children. It is very important that despite being sensitive about the feeling of the parents the teacher should have also provided some kind of help and guidance so that the parents who are disabled or have disabled children should also be provided due guidance. The documents should also be written in easier and the normally used language so that the parents do not have any kind of issues in actually understanding the matter in it. Failure to understand the document can lead to non compliance (Epstein,

Friday, October 18, 2019

Leadership Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership Theories - Essay Example The intention of this study is a leadership as an effective tool for any person to establish the idea of an individual and apply the concept to a group of people. For the implementation process an individual needs to possess certain characteristics and qualities to motivate the others and change the behavior of the other person to accomplish the goal. Some of the greatest successes of individuals in the industry have been because of the leadership attributes they possessed and the way they used them to influence others. Thus leadership has been described as the process of social influence in which an individual uses the support and of others for the purpose of accomplishment of tasks. Apart from influencing the behavior of others, leadership plays the crucial role of integrating and utilizing available resources in the external and internal environment for the purpose of attainment of societal and organizational goals. The aim of making a behavioral analysis is to provide individuals with the awareness of his behavioral traits and styles. The awareness helps people understand why he reacts in a certain way in a particular situation and why others react in the way they do. Analysis of the various behavioral leadership styles through proposed by researchers and practitioners would help me understand my leadership traits better and the reasons how they have been accrued. The origin of the behavioral theories was primarily out of the shortcomings of trait theories which were criticized of being inconclusive and incomplete. Some of the attributes like integrity, honesty, diligence and loyalty were not measurable using trait theories and this has triggered the creation of the behavioral school of thought initiated by Douglas McGregor. The emphasis of the theories was primarily on human relationships along with performance and output (Bolden, Gosling, Marturano & Dennison, 2003, p.7). McGregor’s Theory X & Theory Y Managers McGregor’s X and Y theory is a simple and salutary reminder of the rules for managing people which are easily forgotten under the pressure of regular businesses. His theory provides some of the basic principles on which the management techniques and styles can be applied. According to his ideas, managers following the theory X generally end in poor results while the enlightened managers following theory Y end up getting better performance and results. Moreover, the enhanced performance also allows for the growth and development of individuals in the organizations (Schermerhorn, 2010, p.38). As per his views managers holding the assumptions of theory X generally believe that people working for them dislike work, lack ambitions, are resistant to change and generally prefer to be guided completely rather than to lead. His other argument is that managers following assumption Y are of the opinion that people are hard working, full of self control, accepts responsibilities, creative, imaginative and are capable to lea d themselves properly (Schermerhorn, 2010, p.38). Resulting from his experience, McGregor presented a summary of the assumptions followed by managers in

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International Business - Essay Example The Cold had ended, with the emergence of one single bloc. The world had become a single ‘market place’ (Eriksen, pp.3, 2007). This was aided by the phenomena, Globalisation. Globalisation is undertaken as a reality, and Renato Ruggeriero has put it aptly, a reality that has overwhelmed all others (Scholte, pp.1, 2000). Globalisation has been aided by free trade and the increment of international businesses. What in essence is free trade? There are various definitions of free trade; free trade is trade that is not held up by national or international laws (Baggini, Fosl, pp.32, 2010). Globalisation is a term that is on everyone’s lips. However, only a few people have had a clear and definitive definition of the term. However, definitions form the basis of an individual’s perceptions and evaluations (Scholte, pp.42, 2000). The definition of globalisation, according to the European Commission is: â€Å"Globalisation can be defined as the process by which mar kets and production in different countries are becoming increasingly interdependent due to the dynamics of trade in goods and services and flow of capitals and technology† (Held, pp. 92, 2000). In essence, increased trade, and international economic activity, faster communication networks define globalisation. In a way, globalisation has led to the compression of the world. Due to this, the world has been brought closer, in different ways, for better or for worse (Eriksen, pp.4, 2007). The beginning of the paper will identify the benefits that have been brought due to increased trade and international business. The neo-liberals largely advocate the working of the free market, and in effect promote free trade. A very common theory that promotes free trade is that of comparative advantage. This theory assumes that there are two countries in the world, each producing one single good. In a way, these two countries will only produce goods in which they are better off, because it wi ll be more profitable, and exchange the goods with each other. Therefore, ‘comparative advantage theory’ is the rationale for free trade. For example, India and China have a comparative advantage in the production of clothing because of cheap labor. In addition, Japan has a comparative advantage in electronic equipment because it has a technological edge (Gitman & McDaniel, pp.73, 2008). David Ricardo gave this theory. Technically speaking, the consumption frontier of a country will lie outside the production frontier of a company due to free trade (Thirlwall & Lopez, pp.7, 2008). In addition, another rationale for free trade has been the neoclassical factor endowment theory. This theory argues that it is not because of â€Å"technological differences that free trade is required, but because different countries are endowed with different factor supplies† (Todaro & Smith, pp. 560-565, 2003). In a sense, neoclassical thinkers suggest that trade has provided nations with the opportunity to capitalize on those resources which are abundant (Todaro & Smith, pp 561, 2003) In addition, although globalisation has received much criticism, a closer look into statistics will also show that globalisation has created wealth and jobs. Because of globalisation, livings standards have greatly improved, because a large consumer market is created. International competition also keeps prices down, therefore keeping the risk of inflation quite low. For example, since 1997,

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Johnstown Flood Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Johnstown Flood - Research Paper Example It goes without saying that the Johnstown Flood was both a human and economic tragedy. More than 2,200 Americans were killed in this flood and it caused a huge economic damage amounting to $17 million (Foote 94). One peculiar thing about Johnstown Flood was that it turned out to be the first of its kind disaster relief operation that was handled by the American Red Cross, under the leadership of Clara Barton. Not to mention that the support for these relief operation emanated from across the United States of America and many foreign countries. International Red Cross to begin with was essentially meant to be a battlefield relief organization that was designed to provide help and relief to the victims of wars (Ritter 15). The American Red Cross in consonance with the spirit of its parent organization, also primarily intended to be a war relief organization (Ritter 15). The founder of the American Red Cross that is Clara Barton though had some experience in the battlefield relief opera tions during the American Civil War, it was her heartfelt belief that the American Red Cross could also evolve to be a major instrument of help during the peace time catastrophes and disasters (Ritter 15). In that sense the Johnstown flood came as an opportunity for the American Red Cross to extend help, aid and relief to the victims of an unprecedented peace time disaster. Thereby, the role played by Clara Barton in these relief operations does deserve a salient mention. The 67 year old founder of the American Red Cross determinedly rushed to the scene of disaster, once she came to know of it (Burton 118). She not only helped organize the requisite supplies and material donations, but also beckoned the friends, acquaintances and the citizens of America to accompany her in this relief cause (Burton 118). As it happens in most of the relief operations, the American Red Cross did not act alone to extend relief and help. Before Barton and her crew arrived on the scene, a group of dedic ated Johnstown residents had already initiated a relief operation intended at taking care of a number of local necessities like clean up and repairs, food distribution, restoring the local government, arranging the necessary supplies, etc (Douglas 336). Help and funds poured in from various sectors and voluntary organizations like citizen groups, The Children’s Aid Society, Yellow Cross, and foreign relief organizations (Douglas 336). The primary contribution of the American Red Cross was that it extended the emergency relief and help to the impacted people, before more permanent and elaborate relief distribution could be initiated and organized by the government and voluntary organizations. The role played by the American Red Cross was not merely limited to the immediate aftermath of this disaster, but rather happened to be prolonged, dealing with the provision of shelter and household supplies to the victims (Johnstown Flood Museum 1). Going by the fact that at the time of Johnstown Flood, the American Red Cross was not the exclusive local chapter of the International Red Cross, the organization did much to help and aid the survivors of this disaster (Johnstown Flood Museum 1). It helped nearly 25,000 people and distributed goods and supplies worth $211,000 (Johnstown Flood Museum 1). The American Red Cross also built the Red Cross Hotels that sheltered large

Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 - Term Paper Example airports, trying to avoid the irrational industry absorption that would eventually lead to increase in prices along with reduction in services, and encouraging the entry of airlines into newer markets thereby strengthening the services of the small air carriers as well. Several restrictions on airline operations were removed as part of the Act. Restrictions on domestic routes and new services were eliminated completely with complete end of the domestic fare regulation. These changes had been quite rapid in process (Airline Deregulation Legislation Act 1978, n.d.). The present study has considered learning on the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 discussion on the effects of regulation and deregulation and what is still being regulated in the industry. The deregulation of the airline industry had begun in the year 1979. Before that, the Civil Aeronautics Board had control over both the routes that airlines took off as well as the prices of the ticket that were charged, where the major goal of the Board was to serve the interest of the public. As the deregulation initiated, airlines that were nationally owned and could be considered as robust, prepared, and competent by the Department of Transportation (DOT) were allowed to fly on any domestic route. The principal regulatory responsibility of the DOT altered from supporting an airline’s operations for the interest of the public to making decisions whether an airline was operating in harmony with the standards of safety and other processes of operations (Competition and Regulation in the Airline Industry, 2002, p.1). From the time when the deregulation started in 1979, the airline industry in U.S. has been obtained to have grown enormously. A growth of around 225 percent was experienced by the country over this period of time. On the other hand, Canada, where airline industry was deregulated later and encountered lesser competition than the United States, experienced a lesser growth rate of 80 percent. Thus, it

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Johnstown Flood Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Johnstown Flood - Research Paper Example It goes without saying that the Johnstown Flood was both a human and economic tragedy. More than 2,200 Americans were killed in this flood and it caused a huge economic damage amounting to $17 million (Foote 94). One peculiar thing about Johnstown Flood was that it turned out to be the first of its kind disaster relief operation that was handled by the American Red Cross, under the leadership of Clara Barton. Not to mention that the support for these relief operation emanated from across the United States of America and many foreign countries. International Red Cross to begin with was essentially meant to be a battlefield relief organization that was designed to provide help and relief to the victims of wars (Ritter 15). The American Red Cross in consonance with the spirit of its parent organization, also primarily intended to be a war relief organization (Ritter 15). The founder of the American Red Cross that is Clara Barton though had some experience in the battlefield relief opera tions during the American Civil War, it was her heartfelt belief that the American Red Cross could also evolve to be a major instrument of help during the peace time catastrophes and disasters (Ritter 15). In that sense the Johnstown flood came as an opportunity for the American Red Cross to extend help, aid and relief to the victims of an unprecedented peace time disaster. Thereby, the role played by Clara Barton in these relief operations does deserve a salient mention. The 67 year old founder of the American Red Cross determinedly rushed to the scene of disaster, once she came to know of it (Burton 118). She not only helped organize the requisite supplies and material donations, but also beckoned the friends, acquaintances and the citizens of America to accompany her in this relief cause (Burton 118). As it happens in most of the relief operations, the American Red Cross did not act alone to extend relief and help. Before Barton and her crew arrived on the scene, a group of dedic ated Johnstown residents had already initiated a relief operation intended at taking care of a number of local necessities like clean up and repairs, food distribution, restoring the local government, arranging the necessary supplies, etc (Douglas 336). Help and funds poured in from various sectors and voluntary organizations like citizen groups, The Children’s Aid Society, Yellow Cross, and foreign relief organizations (Douglas 336). The primary contribution of the American Red Cross was that it extended the emergency relief and help to the impacted people, before more permanent and elaborate relief distribution could be initiated and organized by the government and voluntary organizations. The role played by the American Red Cross was not merely limited to the immediate aftermath of this disaster, but rather happened to be prolonged, dealing with the provision of shelter and household supplies to the victims (Johnstown Flood Museum 1). Going by the fact that at the time of Johnstown Flood, the American Red Cross was not the exclusive local chapter of the International Red Cross, the organization did much to help and aid the survivors of this disaster (Johnstown Flood Museum 1). It helped nearly 25,000 people and distributed goods and supplies worth $211,000 (Johnstown Flood Museum 1). The American Red Cross also built the Red Cross Hotels that sheltered large

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Health and Safety Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health and Safety Management - Essay Example Creating and maintaining a positive health and safety culture are important to an organization. The Successful and Safety Management (HSG 65) drafts a framework for managing health and safety pertaining to planning, accident and incident investigation, as well as health and safety auditing towards this end. HSG 65 explains the costs of getting it wrong and the likewise good effects of health and safety management to an organization. Knowledge of health and safety management through HSG 65 is aimed at directors, managers, supervisors, owners of small firms, employee representatives, and other key players in the organization who can effectively put into both policies and practice the significance of effectively managing health and safety. The importance of health and safety in organizations is so tremendous that statistics attest that at least one person is killed and over 6000 are injured at work in every working day in Britain (HSE 2003). Work-related illnesses prompt workers and emp loyees to take time off and around 30 million workdays are lost to these illnesses as a result (HSE 2003). In addition to the cost of personal injuries, workers and their families may incur far greater costs from damage to property and equipment, not to mention lost production. The culprit to all these expensiveness and loss of productivity is a mismanaged/mishandled health and safety procedures or even lack of any health and safety management at all. Insurances protect employees from financial downfall.... Creating and maintaining a positive health and safety culture are important to an organisation. The Successful and Safety Management (HSG 65) drafts a framework for managing health and safety pertaining to planning, accident and incident investigation, as well as health and safety auditing towards this end. HSG 65 explains the costs of getting it wrong and the likewise good effects of health and safety management to an organisation. Knowledge of health and safety management through HSG 65 is aimed at directors, managers, supervisors, owners of small firms, employee representatives, and other key players in the organisation who can effectively put into both policy and practice the significance of effectively managing health and safety. The importance of health and safety in organisations is so tremendous that statistics attests that at least one person is killed and over 6000 are injured at work in every working day in Britain (HSE 2003). Work-related illnesses prompt workers and employees to take time off and around 30 million workdays are lost to these illnesses as a result (HSE 2003). In addition to the cost of personal injuries, workers and their families may incur far greater costs from damage to property and equipment, not to mention lost production. The culprit to all these expensiveness and loss of productivity is a mismanaged / mishandled health and safety procedures or even lack of any health and safety management at all. Insurances protect employees from financial downfall due to these illnesses and workplace accidents, which the organisation spends for (Willis and Adelowo 1997). It apparently involves a lot of

Finance and Company Essay Example for Free

Finance and Company Essay So Wrigley has to make decisions on whether or not to borrow $ 3 billion for recapitalization. Question Based on the above situation, there are few questions that arise as seen below: ? Whether the recapitalization would be good for the company’s development in the long run? ?After borrowing $ 3 billion dollars what would the impact on the company’s debt rating be? ?What’s the impact on the company’s share value; would the recapitalization increase the company’s share value? ?What’s the impact on the company’s WACC, an increase or decrease? Would recapitalization increases the EPS of the company? Hypothesis Before capital restructuring due to not having any debt, return on capital and operating income as a percent of sales can be used based on exhibit 2(it is $513,356/$2,429,646= 21%) which is the A to AA range of investment grade. After recapitalization, the company’s debt rating will fall to a BB/B rating which reflects a higher risk and lower debt rating that will cause higher yields. According to Exhibit 7’s given information, the yield is between BB (12. 753) to B (14. 663) to obtain a cost of debt. Impact on share value If the company chooses to repurchase the stock, the WD will be 22. 89% (3,000,000/13,103,000), the WACC will be 10. 19% (22. 89% (1-40%)*13%+77. 1%*10. 9%). Both 10. 32% and 10. 19% are lower than the WACC before recapitalization, which indicates that after the recapitalization the company will have a lower minimum rate of return for the company that it needs to earn on its investments to maintain its wealth. Impact on Voting Control If the company is using the dividend plan to do capital restructuring, there will not be any impact on voting control. However, if the company is using the stock repurchase plan, it will have an influence on the voting control. The current Wrigley family ownership includes 21% of common shares and 58% of B shares. The total numbers of shares outstanding for Wrigley consists of the sum of the common shares of 189. 8 million and class B shares of 42. 641 million (10 votes each), a total of 232,441 million shares. So the company will have 46. 6% ((189. 8*21%+426. 41*58%)/616. 21=46. 6%)voting control before recapitalization. After the recapitalization the voting control will increase to 49% [(179. 22-42. 641)*21%+426. 41*58%]/ (136. 58+426. 41) =49 Based on the above analysis, my suggestion is not to borrow $ 3 billion dollars, or if the company insists in doing a recapitalization I would suggest for them to not borrow as much and to make some investment on assets instead of it all in equity. For the Wrigley Company I think they should keep their debt below 50 percent. Because after recapitalization, it will have negative impacts on EPS, debt rating, share value and it has a slightly positive impact on WACC and voting control. The results of impact on EPS analysis shows that EPS will drop from $ 1. 61 to 0. 46 and, the debt/ assets ratio will be 169% which will increase the company’s risks. From a debt rating aspect, after borrowing $ 3 billion dollars, the debt rating of the company will decline from AA/A to BB/B which means that the company will have a higher interest rate, more interest expense and a lower credit rating in the future. This is not good for the company’s future development. From a long term prospective, I believe it’s important that the company be careful in determining whether they should pursue a dividend or stock repurchase strategy. If the company chooses to use the $ 3 billion to pay dividends now, it might increase the investor’s satisfaction in the short run but once the dividend has been paid, the investor will expect the same amount of dividend in the future and a lower dividend might disappoint investors and that might affect the company’s stock price in the future. The stock repurchase is temporary as well, so after the repurchase the ending stock price might drop and it may hurt a potential new investor who made a purchase during the repurchase period. All things considered as long as Wrigley keeps an eye on their long term goals and continues to look at the big picture whilst making good solid financial choices for their company they should be most successful.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Composition Of The Complex Ion By Continuous Variation Biology Essay

Composition Of The Complex Ion By Continuous Variation Biology Essay Transition metals will normally form a complexes or coordination compound. In other words, transition metal ions will form complexes ions by coordination. Those complexes are formed by the coordination of lone pairs of electron from donor is called a ligand to an atom or cation, which is also known as an acceptor which has empty orbital to accommodate them. A cation may form a complex with a neutral molecule. Besides that, an atom may also form a complex. The charge remaining on the central atom or ion when the ligands are removed with their lone pairs is called the oxidation number of the metal in the complex. The number of atom forming coordinate bonds with the central atom or ion is called the coordination number. Iron is one of the transition metal found in the periodic table. When iron is at the oxidation state of +3, it will form an octahedral complex. Fe3+ tends to be stabilized which is relative to Fe2+ by anionic ligands which have its greatest affinity for oxygen donor include phosphate, tartrate, citrate, oxalate and EDTA. The color of these complexes is normally pale in color due 6A1g ground state and the occurrence of spin-forbidden which is visible to see. Fe3+ in acidic solution consisted of an anions which have low ability of coordination. All ultraviolet spectrophotometers consist of a photoelectric device which is used to measure the radiant energy. The 4 essential components of the spectrophotometers are a source of radiant energy, the spectrophotometer or monochromator, the absorption-cell assembly and the photometer or detecting device. The spectrophotometers components will permit the selection of radiant energy of the desired wavelength. A quartz prism or a ruled grating is normally employed as the dispersive element in order to separate a continuous spectrum into its constituent wavelengths. T The optical system of the spectrometer is designed to give different angle of incidence so that the radiant energy of a desired wavelength can be selected to emerge from the exit slit of the spectrometer. The entrance slit is necessary to ensure that the light entering the spectrometers be parallel although at the same time limiting its intensity; the exit slit limits the spectral width of the radiant energy emerging from the spectrophotometer to make this emergent beam as monochromatic. When there is an entrance-slit width is small relative to the exit-slit widths, this will make the spectral range to be narrower but the intensity of the emergent light is weak. By increasing the width of the entrance slit relative to the exit slit will widens the spectral range but the relative intensity at the nominal wavelength is higher. In order to have enough intensity for photometric measurements with prism spectrometers it is necessary to vary the slit width when the wavelength change, this r equires a synchronous adjustment of the two slit widths. Methods/Apparatus: Result: X1L (mol) Absorbance at ÃŽ » (nm) Average(nm) 1 2 0.1 0.053 0.060 0.0565 0.2 0.098 0.103 0.1005 0.3 0.126 0.131 0.1285 0.4 0.143 0.147 0.1450 0.5 0.146 0.152 0.1490 0.6 0.138 0.144 0.1410 0.7 0.117 0.123 0.1200 0.8 0.086 0.092 0.0890 0.9 0.049 0.036 0.0425 Graph: From the graph above, the value of the X is 0.5 mol. Calculation: The number of ligand that is attached to the metal can be calculate as follows: X: (1-X) L: M y = ax  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­a (1-x) = x 1-x = 0.5 1-0.5 = 1 To calculate the molar absorptivity of the mixture is as follow: A= ÃŽ µbc 0.1490 nm = ÃŽ µ (1 cm) (0.5 mol) ÃŽ µ = 0.298 L mol−1 cm−1 Discussion: Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy Ultraviolet and visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy provides information about compounds with conjugated double bonds. It consist just enough right energy to cause an electronic transition which is the promotion of an electron from one orbital to another higher energy. When a molecule absorbs ultraviolet light, a UV spectrum is obtained. However, if the molecule absorbs lower-energy visible light, a visible spectrum is obtained. Spectrophotometer The photographic methods of spectrophotometer are not very slow and expensive, but are also limited in accuracy in the measurement of absorption intensity. The accuracy will be in the range of  ±2 to  ±5%. The modern photoelectric spectrophotometer is known to be accurate within  ±0.2%for the intensity measurement. The photoelectric instruments incorporate one or more photo-cell with certain sensitivity over the whole wavelength range. Fe3+ complex and salicylic acid Ammonium Iron (III) sulfate is a double salt in the class of alums. It have the molecular formula of NH4Fe (SO4)2. Fe3+ complexes is a tridentate compound which means that can attach to the central atom. However, salicylic acid is a bidentate compound which means that they are chelate agent which they have two groups that can attach to the central atom. The molecular formula of salicylic acid is C7H6 O3, which the OH group is ortho to the carboxyl group (COOH). Jobs Method The empirical method shows that only single complex is formed between the reactants. This method also used to determine the complex stoichiometry of the molecular complexes, where hey have the ratio of 1:1. The more systematic method for the determination of complex stoichiometry is also known as Jobs method of continuous variation. This method is used for the photometric analysis of a mixture in the ratio of x: (1-x) volumes of equimolar solutions of concentration M of the two components A and B of the complex. It is assumed that there is no change in the volume when this 2 solution mixed. The equilibrium is expressed by the equation as the following: ÃŽ ±A+ ÃŽ ²B=AÃŽ ±BÃŽ ²=C K= [A]ÃŽ ±[B]ÃŽ ² [C] where, K=instability constant of the complex C. At experiment condition specified that the equmolar solutions of A and B of concentration M mixed in proportion x: (1-x): xM=[A]+ ÃŽ ±[C]=cA (1-x) M=[B]+ ÃŽ ² [C]=cB where, quantities in the square brackets = actual concentrations cA and cB=total concentrations of free plus complexes A and B It is assumed that all the 3 species which are A, B and C obey the Beers law at the selected wavelength. The absorbance A of the solution in a 1 cm cell is as follow: A= ÃŽ µC[C]+ ÃŽ µA[A]+ ÃŽ µB[B] and Δ A=A- ÃŽ µA[A]- ÃŽ µB[B]= ÃŽ µC[C] is the difference in absorbance of an actual solution and a mixture when there is no complexing reaction occurs. Δ A is proportional to[C]. The wavelength that is chosen is greatly different from ÃŽ µA and ÃŽ µB. To make the calculation easier, it can be assume that both ÃŽ µA and ÃŽ µB are 0. A plot of Δ A against x is then curve with a maximum, which is corresponds to: y = ÃŽ ± (ÃŽ ±+ ÃŽ ²) Graph and Results According to the graph plotted above, the curve with a highest peak can obtain ed. With the highest peak, the mole fraction of ligand and its absorbance can be calculated. The number of the ligand that attached to the metal can be mono-, bis-, or tris (5-fluorosalicylato) iron (III) complexes. In another hand, the complex can be formed together with the monohydroxo and dihydroxo side. Hence, the theoretical value for y may be 1,2 or 3. But for our case, the y value is 1. The y value of 1 indicated that for the mixture of salicylic acid and ammonium iron (III) sulphate have only 1 ligand that is attached to the iron (III) complex ion and they only have 2 bonds between the ligand and metal.. The ligand ratio may be due to different types of species distribution and electronic absorption band of the complexes in the spectrum. Besides that, by plotting the graph, the value ÃŽ µ can be calculated. The value of ÃŽ µ calculated is 0.298 L mol−1 cm−1. This indicate that the molar absorptivity of the mixture of ammonium (III) sulphate and salicylic acid is 0.298 L mol−1 cm−1. Device used to determine the spectrum of the salicylic acid and ammonium iron (III) sulphate The device that can be used to determine the spectrum of the salicylic acid and ammonium iron (III) sulphate is infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy. The infrared spectroscopy can be used to identify the functional groups in the salicylic acid and ammonium iron (III) sulphate. The infrared spectrum can be obtained by passing a beam of infrared radiation through a sample of the complex. Then the detector will generate a plot of percent transmission of radiation versus the wavenumber or wavelength of the radiation that is transmitted. NMR spectroscopy is used to determine the structure. It can also used to identify the functionality at a specific carbon, how the neighboring carbon appear and how the entire structure of a molecule. When a sample is subjected to a radiofrequency (rf) radiation, the nuclei in the ÃŽ ±-spin state can be promoted to the ÃŽ ²-spin sate (called flipping the spin). When the nuclei return to their original state, they emit signals whose frequency depends on the difference in energy (ΔE) between the ÃŽ ±- and ÃŽ ²- spin states. The NMR spectrometer is used to detect the signals and display it as a plot of signal frequency versus intensity is known as an NMR spectrum. The mass spectroscopy can give a structural information about the salicylic acid and ammonium iron (III) sulphate because the m/z values and relative abundances of the fragments depends on the strength of the molecular ions bonds and the stability of the fragments. In the mass spectrometry, a small amount of a compound is introduced into an instrument called the mass spectrometer where it is vaporized and then ionized (an electron is removed from each molecule). The common methods that is use to bombard the vaporized molecules with a beam of high energy electrons. The energy of the beam can be varied. When the electron beam hits a molecule, it knocks out an electron producing a molecular ion. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy is used to determine the compounds with conjugated double bonds. When a molecule absorbs light of an appropriate wavelength, an electron can be promoted to a higher energy orbital. It is promoted from the highest occupied molecular (HOMO) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). This is called the electron transition and the molecule is said to be in the excited state. The electronic transition with the lowest energy is promotion of a nonbonding electron (n) into a ÃŽ   antibonding molecular orbital. This is called the n ÃŽ  8 transition. The higher energy electronic transition is promotion of an electron from a ÃŽ   bonding molecular orbital into a ÃŽ   antibonding molecular orbital, a ÃŽ   ÃŽ  8 transition. This means that only a compounds with electrons or nonbonding electrons can produce UV/Vis spectra. Conclusion: The composition of the iron complex ions in solution can be observed by a spectrophotometer. With this, the complex ion can be determined by method of continuous variation or Jobs method. From this method, the number of ligand that attached to the metal can be determined. The determine value is y=1. This indicate that there are only 1 ligand is attached to the iron metal and they only have 2 bonds between the ligand and metal. The molar absorptivity (ÃŽ µ) of the mixture of ammonium iron (III) sulphate and salicylic acid is 0.298 L mol−1 cm−1.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

A General Review of the Chemistry and Utility of Scopolamine Essay

The study of scopolamine involves aspects that are manifold and complex. In this investigation, the pathways for biological and laboratory syntheses were elucidated, in additional to the physical and chemical properties and characteristics of scopolamine. 13C-NMR and H-NMR were generated from collected data, and the isolation and uses of scopolamine were discussed. Introduction Scopolamine's uses have roots in ancient times and have pervaded into the present. This heterocyclic tropane alkaloid is naturally found in Solanaceas plants and can be prepared in the laboratory from various precursors. First isolated in the late nineteenth century, it has found various uses in the modern world. In humans, scopolamine is therapeutically employed in opthamallogical procedures to cause mydriosis, prolonged dialation of the iris, and is used to prevent and treat motion sickness. Because it depresses the central nervous system, it has been used as an amnesiac for birthing mothers, producing "Twlight Sleep." It does not have great chemical utility and decomposes on standing or heating; therefore it is stored in hydrated forms or as salts with HCl or HBr. Historical Usage of Scopolamine During the Middle Ages, drug addicts used potions derived from compounds such as the tropane alkaloids, which are found in solanaceous plants. The sensation of flying, in addition to hallucinations were attributed to the application of such ointments. These early drug addicts were often victims of witch-hunts. In addition, scopolamine was used as an anaesthetic during surgery, until physicians were accused of sorcery upon the disclosure of their patients' odd dreams. Plant-derived tropane alkaloids were used for cosmetic reasons: until the Renaissa... ...nonymous. NASTECH FILES NDA FOR INTRANASAL SCOPOLAMINE. 1999. Nastech Pharmaceutical Company Inc. press release. 10. Ladenburg, Albert. Justus Liebig's Annalen Der Chemie. 1881. 206: 274. 11. Fodor, G. Tetrahedron, 1957, 14: 86. 12. Budavari, Susan. ed. The Merck Index. 12 ed. 1996. Merck & Co. Inc. New Jersey. Entry 8550. 13. Ansell, M. F. Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. 1985. New York: Elsevier. 209. 14. Glasby, J. S. Encyclopaedia of the Alkaloids. 1975. New York: Plenum Press. l:731. 15. Brossi, Arnold. The Alkaloids. 1988. Academic Press: San Diego CA. 33:54, 63 16. Marion, L. and A.F. Thomas. A further Observation on the Biogenesis of Hyoscyamine. 1955. Can. J. Chem. 33: 1853. 17. Leete, E., Marion, L., and Spencer, I.D. Nature, 1954, 174: 650. 18. Herbert, R. B. Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. 1985. New York: Elsevier. 219 A General Review of the Chemistry and Utility of Scopolamine Essay The study of scopolamine involves aspects that are manifold and complex. In this investigation, the pathways for biological and laboratory syntheses were elucidated, in additional to the physical and chemical properties and characteristics of scopolamine. 13C-NMR and H-NMR were generated from collected data, and the isolation and uses of scopolamine were discussed. Introduction Scopolamine's uses have roots in ancient times and have pervaded into the present. This heterocyclic tropane alkaloid is naturally found in Solanaceas plants and can be prepared in the laboratory from various precursors. First isolated in the late nineteenth century, it has found various uses in the modern world. In humans, scopolamine is therapeutically employed in opthamallogical procedures to cause mydriosis, prolonged dialation of the iris, and is used to prevent and treat motion sickness. Because it depresses the central nervous system, it has been used as an amnesiac for birthing mothers, producing "Twlight Sleep." It does not have great chemical utility and decomposes on standing or heating; therefore it is stored in hydrated forms or as salts with HCl or HBr. Historical Usage of Scopolamine During the Middle Ages, drug addicts used potions derived from compounds such as the tropane alkaloids, which are found in solanaceous plants. The sensation of flying, in addition to hallucinations were attributed to the application of such ointments. These early drug addicts were often victims of witch-hunts. In addition, scopolamine was used as an anaesthetic during surgery, until physicians were accused of sorcery upon the disclosure of their patients' odd dreams. Plant-derived tropane alkaloids were used for cosmetic reasons: until the Renaissa... ...nonymous. NASTECH FILES NDA FOR INTRANASAL SCOPOLAMINE. 1999. Nastech Pharmaceutical Company Inc. press release. 10. Ladenburg, Albert. Justus Liebig's Annalen Der Chemie. 1881. 206: 274. 11. Fodor, G. Tetrahedron, 1957, 14: 86. 12. Budavari, Susan. ed. The Merck Index. 12 ed. 1996. Merck & Co. Inc. New Jersey. Entry 8550. 13. Ansell, M. F. Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. 1985. New York: Elsevier. 209. 14. Glasby, J. S. Encyclopaedia of the Alkaloids. 1975. New York: Plenum Press. l:731. 15. Brossi, Arnold. The Alkaloids. 1988. Academic Press: San Diego CA. 33:54, 63 16. Marion, L. and A.F. Thomas. A further Observation on the Biogenesis of Hyoscyamine. 1955. Can. J. Chem. 33: 1853. 17. Leete, E., Marion, L., and Spencer, I.D. Nature, 1954, 174: 650. 18. Herbert, R. B. Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. 1985. New York: Elsevier. 219

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Statistics Can Reduce Internet Fraud Essay -- Research Analysis

Many online auction sites help consumers bid on items they might want to possess. These sites include eBay, WebStore, ebid, OnlineAuction, OZtion, Overstock, and a whole slew of others. Currently there is no system to protect consumers from fraudulent sales. When someone bids for an item, consumers trust both the seller and the online auctioneer to be both honest and ethical when presenting items for bid. Many of the auction houses, including Sotheby's and Christie's have their experts examine each piece to prove authenticity. However, it is not all bad news. To help protect consumers from fraud, Joseph Gastwirth and Wesley Johnson have found that the use of statistics answers the problem of authenticity. Joseph Gastwirth is a Professor of Statistics and economics at George Washington University. Wesley Johnson is a Professor of Statistics at the University of California at Irvine. These two men have worked together to produce an article for future print in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society called Series A: Statistics in Society. This paper examines the preview article published in the Significance Magazine entitled "Dare you to buy a Henry Moore on eBay." Using statistics enables then to tell where the frauds are lurking. The Statistics Gastwirth and Johnson used a method similar to that of the Hui-Walter method "used to estimate the accuracy rates of clinical tests and survey classifications. (Gastwirth & Johnson, 2011) This test method utilizes two subpopulations, each with its own prevalence. In the case of the test for authentication of Henry Moore's on the Internet, the two subpopulations were drawings and sculptures, and the second was lithographs and etchings. These two gro... ...hnson, 2011) Figure 2 represents the "maximum likelihood estimates of the two prevalence parameters and accuracy rates of the two evaluators. Maximum likelihood estimates were obtained using the EM algorithm with standard errors based on the bootstrap using the program TAGS." (Gastwirth & Johnson, 2011) TAGS, is a program for the evaluation of test accuracy in the absence of a gold standard. Thus with all questions from Darrell Huff's book "How to Lie With Statistics" answered, we can safely and accurately conclude that the method used by Gastwirth and Johnson can and should be used by those who intend to purchase artwork off the Internet. Works Cited Gastwirth, J. & Johnson, W. (2011, March 14). Dare you to buy a Henry Moore on eBay? Statistics can tell you what to avoid. Significance Magazine, 8(1), 10-14. doi:10.1111/j.1740-9713.2011.00470x.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Political Science Coursework Essay

Newsmap 2A No, the intention of the news aggregator is to be biased because what they are presenting in the website is the biased pattern of news information and presentation. 2B According to them (the owners of the website), â€Å"it [the website] is thought to ironically accentuate the bias of it [news]† (Newsmap). They are biased in that they are showing the biased patterns of news information and presentation by showing the underlying connections and relationships between bits and pieces of news information and putting them altogether to present a tree map. Date of Access: Saturday, March 29, 2008 – 7:48 A.M 4A U.S. Nation: Suspect Arrested in Virginia Highway Shootings 4AA The alleged person responsible for the Highway Shootings in the state of Virginia was arrested by the state’s police department. Reports have confirmed that the suspect is a 19-year-old who is facing a criminal case due to another shooting that happened the day before that in Waynesboro. Slade Allen Woodson is also the singular suspect in the highway shootings in Charlottesville where six vehicles were hit and two people obtained minor injuries. Prior investigation led the police to trace a vehicle that was seen in surveillance tapes at the scene of the crime to be owned by Woodson. (Grynbaum) Date of Access: Saturday, March 29, 2008 – 10:01 AM 4B U.S. Business: American to Resume Normal Schedule 4BB Due to inspection and repairs, American Airlines, Inc. was forced to cancel some of their flights yesterday. The airline conducted repairs for four of the planes yesterday morning and continued general plane inspections in the afternoon. According to the airline representative, almost half of the 300 planes needed modifications. Delta Airlines, Inc. has also completed plane inspections; however, they finished earlier than American allowing them to proceed with their Friday flight schedule. Southwest Airlines Co. and American Eagle also conducted the same inspection earlier than the aforementioned two. The inspection is part of the FAA’s program of aircraft safety checks. (East Bay Business Times) Date of Access: Saturday, March 29, 2008 – 12:22 PM 4C U.S. Technology: Shuttle Crew Reflects on Marathon Mission 4CC The astronauts from the space shuttle Endeavor has landed earth last Wednesday night. The said mission, composed of seven astronauts, was the longest shuttle expedition. The astronauts shared their enjoyable experiences while they were still in the shuttle and also their trip to earth and their landing after staying for such a long time in space. They all agreed that they find it difficult to adjust to the gravity here on earth. Aside from their previous revelations, they also revealed their experiences while they were still in space. (Malik) Date of Access: Saturday, March 29, 2008 – 10:05 AM 4D U.S. Health: U.S. to Study Drug for Suicide Links 4DD The alleged connection between Singulair and suicide stirred up investigation in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Singulair is product manufactured by Merck, which markets itself for allergies and asthma. Due to numerous attacks on the side effects of the drugs, Merck has placed great efforts in repackaging their product in order to include about several side effects, risks involved, anxiety and depression, etc. in the drug’s literature. The FDA focused on the case as soon as they received numerous reports from people who have used Singulair and have experienced dangerous side effects. The results of the study will be known after nine months of investigation. (The Associated Press) 5 I cannot help but think about the politics involved between business advertising and the media. In the article â€Å"American to Resume Normal Schedule,† there seems to be substantial evidence that proves the link between businesses and media. From the title of the article itself, the article is supposed to be informing the public of the flight schedules in the American Airlines, Inc. Moreover, the article is supposed to reveal why there were flight cancellations and the company should have used the media opportunity to apologize for any inconveniences that they might have caused to the public. These, I think, should have been the content of the article because of its title, and because of the need to inform the public about the issues behind the flight cancellations. However, the article was used as an advertising strategy for the aircraft business, especially the Oakland International Airport (OIA). First, three airlines who serve OIA were mentioned in the article; especially their efforts to adhere to the safety check programs of the FAA. Second, despite added information that the FAA is conducting safety checks for all major airlines, only the airlines that are connected with OIA were mentioned. Third, since Southwest Airlines Co. is the most dominant carrier among the three making it the most bankable airline, it is only strategic to market other airlines, such as the American Airlines, Inc. Thus, the title and that impression that it is trying to exude. 6 Yes, in a political society, being aware of the news and current events is important. 6A Basing from my response to the article about American Airlines, Inc. and advertising, being aware of all the current information that is going on nowadays is very important, especially when looking at a particular issue in a 360-degree angle, because it is instrumental in reading between the lines and understanding what is really going in society. Through the news, people are able to see the politics there is in all aspects of society. Buzztracker 7A The primary objective of Buzztracker is to utilize global news releases to present an illustration of locations that are interrelated. Although places in the world are separated by distance, the buzztracker shows their connection through a diagram and through the news that these countries share. (Buzztracker) 7B Date Accessed: Saturday, March 29, 2008: 12:25 PM Most Prominent Location: Washington 7C The news event that brings Washington to the forefront is the issue published by Express India, wherein it advocated the support the Bush administration should give to the new Pakistani government. For some, this would somehow alleviate harsh judgments on the U.S. government by its relationship with previous Pakistani president, which was tainted with dishonesty and misgivings. The Bush administration’s ability to lean towards democracy and help Pakistan could change how people see the U.S. government. 7D The buzztracker is a great help in understanding the significance of one location to others. It keeps people on track about the global community and gives them a clear understanding of what is happening in society by relating it to external situations outside the country. The top Location is significant in world affairs it enters the news because of the significant role it is playing the world. Washington is the seat of the U.S. government, which we all know is active and influential in almost all parts of the world. Works Cited The Associated Press. (28 March 2008). â€Å"U.S. to Study Drug for Suicide Links.† Retrieved from The New York Times Company. 29 March 2008. . Buzztracker. (2007). â€Å"Buzztracker.† Retrieved from Craig Mod. 29 March 2008. . East Bay Business Times. (28 March 2008). â€Å"American to Resume Normal Schedule.† Retrieved from the American City Business Journals, Inc. 29 March 2008. . Grynbaum, Michael. M. (29 March 2008). â€Å"Suspect Arrested in Virginia Highway Shootings.† Retrieved from The New York Times Company. 29 March 2008. < http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/29/us/29cnd-virginia.html?_r=1&ref=us&oref=slogin> Malik, Tariq. (27 March 2008). â€Å"Shuttle Crew Reflects on Marathon Mission.† Retrieved from Microsoft. 29 March 2008. . Newsmap. (2008). â€Å"Newsmap.† Retrieved from Markos Weskamp. 29 March 2008. .

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Plato: Knowledge Essay

We all continue to learn new things in life day in by day out; incessantly increasing our knowledge is essential to sustain man’s life path on this earth. Knowledge can be sought in different ways but to truly seek knowledge, one has to read, understand through experience and believe what the word of God says about faith. Acquiring knowledge through our five senses and faith, both give us insight on competing ways of getting at the truth. A person who reads, write and believes in the word of God will become rich with knowledge but the latter will not. Moreover, in order to achieve knowledge, one has to be taught it or teach him or herself (because humans are not born with the ability of knowing; they must acquire it) through observation and reasoning through faith. Different views exhibit on how knowledge is achieved. One may say through common sense and observation, while another may say through teachers and peers. According to the philosopher Plato in Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, â€Å"Certain professors of education must be wrong when they say that they can put knowledge into the soul which was not there before, like sight into blindness. The power and capacity of learning exists in the soul already; and that just as the eye was unable to turn from darkness to light without the whole body, so too the instrument of knowledge can only by the movement of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being. † In making this comment, this Greek philosopher argues that, everyone has the capacity to learn because knowledge is present in the soul thus we all can acquire knowledge and wisdom by recollecting and putting together what in fact the soul already knows. Plato is right that humans have the aptitude to gain knowledge, but he seems on more dubious ground when he claims that knowledge is already present in one’s soul. I find this to be unconvincing because humans seek education to learn something which they didn’t already know. For example an adolescent may ponder upon why the hairs on his arms and legs grow very short while the opposite occurs on his or her head. But through an education in biology in his or her later years, he or she will come to find out that each hair follicle on one’s body part will grow different depending on where it is located on the body part. The young adolescent never had this knowledge about hair follicles till he was taught it. So therefore, knowledge doesn’t already exist in the soul. One has to gain it in order to have it but we all have the ability to achieve it if we put in effort. In regards to observation, reasoning through faith must also be looked into to fully attain the knowledge that is essential to lead the best life and attain happiness. Observations only gives us half of the knowledge we need to acquire, faith gives us the rest. In Scully’s view from the X-Files, â€Å"As much as I have my faith, Father, I am a scientist, trained to weigh evidence. But science only teaches us how†¦ not why. † In other words, Scully is saying that, knowledge without faith leads us only half way†¦ we have to come full circle in order to completely gain absolute knowledge. I agree that this statement is true because without faith, one’s knowledge is worthless. For example, before Copernicus, most scientists believed that the earth was the center of the universe, thus the sun revolved around the earth. But through faith and reasoning, Copernicus came to conclude that it was rather the earth that revolved around the sun, making the universe we live in heliocentric; and his jurisdiction is held to be true till this day. The two concepts go hand in hand; one cannot achieve absolute knowledge without faith and reasoning/observation. In order to achieve knowledge through faith, we must walk through the ways of our spiritual leader. In The Francis Trilogy of Thomas of Celano, Thomas of Celano writes, â€Å"Ah! Inclined and strengthened by the Holy Spirit the blessed servant of the Most High, seeing that the appointed time was at hand, followed that blessed impulse of his soul. Thus, as he trampled upon worldly things, he made his way to the greatest good. † In other words, Thomas of Celano is saying that, St. Francis detached himself from matters of the world by following Christ, who fortified him with the Holy Cross and the Holy Spirit enabling him to transform his worldly ways to resemble the will of God, thus St. Francis gained his faith through the knowledge of the word of God. In order for St. Francis to have faith, he had to have knowledge of God, which he acquired through his experience; asking God for enlightenment and through the visions he had that directed his will to God’s. Reason and faith leads to wisdom and knowledge, without it, the knowledge that one acquires is corrupt and useless. Others may disagree saying that one can still have knowledge without faith, but knowledge without faith leads you nowhere because you still haven’t really gained full understanding of the subject matter.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Information System and League Tables Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information System and League Tables - Essay Example Public administration is a complex and difficult process. Before a public service is delivered, it most likely has passed through several stages and agencies that composed the bureaucracy before it is delivered to the end user. Leslie Budd (2009) provided a specific benefit when she explained that e-government is primarily implemented in order to achieve economic efficiency, as information and communications technologies such as the IS can reduce the amount of bureaucratic procedures in public administrations. (p74) Traunmuller (2004), for his part, pointed out that bureaucracy imposes on its environment its rules, its operating modes and it transfers the management of complexity to the end user that is why, in the effort of governments to modernize, a transition towards end-user oriented approach is adopted. (p82) Crucial to this initiative is the solution for the problem of interoperability that characterizes bureaucracies. The issue about making public service easier to the public is a daunting task when services involve numerous agencies with their own respective mini bureaucracies. IS solved this dilemma. According to Traunmuller, this is achieved in the three stages that are crucial for the concept of e-government. To cite these stages:Anytime, Anywhere: the first of the process in electronic administration that involves the linking of different information held by different actors. IS solves this dilemma by providing the application by which the complex information system can be collected.

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

Popular translation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Popular translation - Coursework Example Similarly, implementing the use of hydrogen fuel cell cars is another problem that can take decades. Engineers have tried unsuccessfully to come up with inexpensive hydrogen-powered fuel cells. Creating extensive storage facilities and transportation infrastructure for these vehicles is also a problem. However, chemical engineers have the potential to provide solutions to this problem though through thorough research. When comparing hydrogen fuel cells and internal combustion engines, you will find that fuel cells produce power at a higher cost of more than $ 2,000 per kilowatt. On the other hand, internal combustion engines generate power at a lower cost of around $35 per kilowatt. Therefore, this makes it expensive for the public. In terms of the operating lifetime between the two, internal combustion engines have at least 5,000 hours of driving compared to the 1,000 hours of fuel cells (National Research Council 2003). Therefore, fuel cells wear out faster than internal combustion engines. For example, if a person buys a new car he or she expects it to last for about 10 or more years. It is about 3,000 or more hour of driving time. In case you use fuel cell which only last for 1,000 hours, then practically it is not quite right. As chemical engineers, we can solve this critical and technical issue of making hydrogen fuel cells a reality and replace internal combustion engines but it would take

Monday, October 7, 2019

Popular press Article (cloud computing for E-learning) Essay

Popular press Article (cloud computing for E-learning) - Essay Example There are several categories of cloud computing. The first one is where the public get to sell their services freely on the internet, which is, referred public cloud. Amazon and Google are the largest public cloud computing service providers where users from the public domain can access. Private cloud is a characteristic where the organization offering cloud computing services host their resources with limited access from the public. A virtual cloud is where the public cloud is created to be private. Scalable and easy IT services and computing resource are the main aim of cloud computing regardless of the characteristics of the cloud services. Amazon provides virtual server instance API, which is an example of Infrastructure-as-a-Service as a Web Service. Amazon provides virtual servers and storage space for their clients. Amazon calls its Cloud model service as Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). This service is across several Operating system vendor versions such as Linux, Solaris and Window Operating system. Web development application is another form of cloud computing. Google is offering hardware services where developers upload their Python codes then they run the application. Cloud computing is compared to utility services such as electricity and water hence referred to utility computing. PaaS is a service offered in terms of software and product tools that are provided by the host company. Software are installed in a client machine via the web portal or a gateway. GoogleApps and Salesforce.com (Force.com) are an example of Platform-as-a-service. The standards for data exchange and standards for data portability currently some developers are still protecting their software and platform. The software-as-a-service in cloud computing is a model where the software product and the client interact via the front-end portal such as a

Sunday, October 6, 2019

Week three Assignment 1 MH Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week three 1 MH - Assignment Example Krupp’s efforts through the 1990 Clean Air Act constituting acid rain reduction plan for the marketplace led to public recognition as best green achievement of the 1990s. His efforts are eminent to date at a time when world nations are working towards carbon footprint reduction. Krupp also engaged large American corporations, like McDonald and FedEx, to reduce their ecological impacts through waste eradication Jigar Shah, CEO Carbon War Room. Jigar Shah is both an inspirational and recognized leader universally (Corporate Responsibility Magazine n.p). Shah transformed his university business plan idea of 1999 into a company, SunEdison, in 2003. Through simplified solar as a service, Shah transformed organizations’ attitude towards solar energy by allowing them to purchase them at long-term naturally priced contracts. Today, Shah influences and contributes towards sustainability, global warming, and renewable energy policy

Saturday, October 5, 2019

Communication Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Communication - Term Paper Example However, I believe that the convenience and ease that mobile phone communication brings have a drawback and that is making the quality of communication superficial. In my opinion, the impersonality of communication that mobile phones have brought into people’s lives actually moves people apart and allows them to go their own way and refuse socialization which then creates a disconnected society. Upon reading Louis Menand’s article entitled â€Å"Thumbspeak. Is Texting Here to Stay?† it made me think about the underlying effect of the kind of communication that mobile phones bring into our society. True indeed that mobile texting has become a worldwide phenomenon because it delivers the message to the recipient in a fast, convenient and, most importantly, affordable manner (Menand). It does not matter anymore where the receiver of the message is located because a mobile text message can reach anybody from any part of the globe. I will not deny the fact that the us e of mobile phones brings many benefits to its users. The most apparent advantage of texting is that it accelerates communication (Menand). For instance in the road, the speedy form of communication brought by mobile phones can actually save lives when there is a pressing need to call the emergency hotline. With the use of cell phone, people can immediately call for help that often minimizes the emergency response time and saves more lives on the road. In terms of business, the advantages of using cell phone for businessmen and women are endless, and this encompasses cell phone use even while driving. Business people are supposed to be always reachable especially by their clients because it is going to be huge loss if they miss just one transaction. For business people, work-related issues are on the top of their list and this means being available to address and resolve these issues at any time, regardless of the locations. In terms of relationships, it is not new anymore that ther e are times when men and women rather communicate their thoughts or emotions towards another person through texting or calling via their mobile phone. â€Å"A less obvious attraction of texting is that it uses a telephone to avoid what many people dread about face-to-face exchanges, and even about telephones—having to have a real, unscripted conversation† (Menand). The use of cellular phones on a daily basis is an indication of the construct of efficiency and multi-tasking. It has emphatically made people’s lives easier, particularly communication. Imagine the convenience of talking to a family member or a colleague while we are at the mall and doing shopping. Imagine the ease of having a three-way business conference while we are at home doing household chores or, perhaps, caring for our children. Cellular phones have indeed allow people to do various tasks all at the same time. But while allowing people to efficiently multi-task and immediately reach and commu nicate with people, cellular phones have also marked a greater superficiality to the manner that people communicate today. However, communication is essential to keep any relationship stronger and to develop deeper connection with other people. Accordingly, it is better to have a close interaction or personal contact rather than

Friday, October 4, 2019

Expansion and contraction of matter Essay Example for Free

Expansion and contraction of matter Essay Thermal Expansion and Contraction Most of the matters, without some exceptions, expand with the increasing temperature. When you give heat to matters; speed of its particles increase and distance between them also increase which results in the increase of the volumes of matters. All expansions occurs in volume of the substance however, sometimes some of the dimensions of them expand more with respect to others. In this case we neglect the less expanded ones and assume expansion like linear expansion in long materials. Moreover, we take the expansion of plate as area expansion and finally we take the expansion in three dimensions as volume expansion. thermal expansion Inverse of the expansion is called contraction, generally when matters lost heat and their temperatures decrease they contract. Now we will learn which factors effect expansion. If the initial volumes, areas or lengths of the matters are big enough their expansions with the same temperature are also big. In other words, expansion or contraction is linearly proportional to the initial volume of the matter. Different matters have different atomic structure, thus distances between the atoms are also different. They give different reactions to the same amount of temperature changes. So, another factor effecting expansion is type of matter. Final factor that affects expansion is the amount of change in temperature. Larger the change in temperature results in larger the change in the volume of matter. We get following formula from the explanations given above; ∆V=V0.ÃŽ ±. ∆T Where; ∆V is the change in the volume, ÃŽ ± is the coefficient of thermal expansion and ∆T is the change in the temperature of the matter. ÃŽ ±= Coefficient of thermal expansion is equal to the change in the volume of a unit of mass under 10C change in temperature. Expansion in Solid Matters We will examine this subject under three title, linear expansion, area expansion and volume expansion. Linear Expansion: Picture given below shows the linear expansion of metal rod. When it is heated, its length increases. linear expansion Our formula for linear expansion is; ∆L=L0.ÃŽ ±. ∆T Where; ∆L is the amount of change in the length of the rod, L0 is the initial length of the road, ÃŽ ± is the coefficient of linear expansion and ∆T is the change in the temperature of the matter. Example: There are three same metal rods having same length and thickness. If the temperatures of them are given like; T, 2T and 3T find the relations of final lengths of the rods. (Rods are in contact) We find the final temperatures of the system by the formula; Tfinal=T1+T2+T3/3=6T/3=2T Since the temperature of the first rod increase, its final length also increases. Temperature of the second rod stays same, thus there won’t be change in the length of this rod. Finally, temperature of the third rod decreases, thus its contract and final length of it decreases with respect to initial length. As a result relation of the final lengths of the rods; L1L2L3 Area Expansion: When plate given below is heated, it expands in two dimensions X and Y. We find the area expansion with the given formula; ∆S=S0.2ÃŽ ±. ∆T  Where; ∆S is the amount of change in the area of the plate, S0 is the initial area of the plate, 2ÃŽ ± is the coefficient of area expansion and ∆T is the change in the temperature of the matter. area expansion Example: We cut a circular piece from the rectangular plate. Which ones of the processes given below can help us in passing through the circular piece from the hole? expansion example I. Increasing the temperatures of rectangular plate and circular piece II. Decreasing the temperature of the circular piece III. Decreasing the temperatures of the rectangular plate and circular piece I. If we increase the temperatures of the plate and circular piece, expansion of the hole and the circular piece will be the same. Thus, this  option can help us. II. If we decrease the temperature of the circular piece, it contracts and hole becomes larger than the piece. This option can also help us. III. If we decrease the temperatures of the plate and circular piece, hole and circular piece contract in same size. This process can also help us. Volume Expansion: If the objects expand in volume with the gained heat, we call this volume expansion and find it with the following formula; ∆V=V0.3ÃŽ ±. ∆T  Where; ∆V is the amount of change in the volume of the cube, V0 is the initial volume of the cube, 3ÃŽ ± is the coefficient of volume expansion and ∆T is the change in the temperature of the matter. volume expansion Heat Temperature and Thermal Expansion Exams and Solutions  Phase Transition of Water Prev Next Heat Temperature and Expansion Cheat Sheet Tags:area expansioncalculations of thermal expansionlinear expansionsamples of thermal expansionthermal contractionthermal expansion and contractionvolume expansion