Friday, February 28, 2020
The life of Frederick Douglass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
The life of Frederick Douglass - Essay Example Douglas relocated to work for a new owner by the name Sophia Auld. His new master began as a nice and humble woman, but with time turned out to be highly cruel and hateful. This woman started teaching him the alphabet and spelling. However, her husband found out of the alphabet lessons and argued that if slaves know how to read soon they would become hateful and dissatisfied by their status. In the end, they will develop desires for freedom. In this context, Douglass took the argument as an anti-abolitionist statement. The slave would later talk about this on his lectures. Consequently, Douglas decided to undertake self-administered learning. He would ask for a little help from his neighbors. His interest in learning grew to a point where he started purchasing books.The highlight of his slave life is when he got into a physical confrontation with his boss Edward Covey. Covey had a habit of beating up his slaves, and on one day, Douglas fought back at him and beat him up. As a result, this made Covey never to try beating him again. The master feared that it might damage his reputation as a brutal slave owner (Risley 67). This was a real turning point in his slavery life as he earned some respect from his master. From historical information, we find out that before this, his master would administer regular whips to the slave. This made him extremely weak, and one day he collapsed on the field. He then decided that he could no longer face increasing brutality and unfairness in the camp.... In the end, they will develop desires for freedom (Douglas 54). In this context, Douglass took the argument as an anti-abolitionist statement. The slave would later talk about this on his lectures. Consequently, Douglas decided to undertake self-administered learning. In addition, he would ask for a little help from his neighbors. His interest in learning grew to a point where he started purchasing books and other learning materials. The highlight of his slave life is when he got into a physical confrontation with his boss Edward Covey. Covey had a habit of beating up his slaves, and on one day, Douglas fought back at him and beat him up. As a result, this made Covey never to try beating him again. The master feared that it might damage his reputation as a brutal slave owner (Risley 67). This was a real turning point in his slavery life as he earned some respect from his master. From historical information, we find out that before this, his master would administer regular whips to th e slave. This made him extremely weak, and one day he collapsed at the field. He then decided that he could no longer face increasing brutality and unfairness in the camp. In this regard, Douglas opted to fighting back as the only way of earning his respect (Huggins 43). This happened when the slave confronted Covey about an issue, which according to conventional master-slave relationship would warrant a beating as punishment. The fight that ensued was tough, and finally, Douglas turned out victorious. This combat victory was a major turning point in his life. Douglass then started thinking of how he could escape from slavery. Despite substantial efforts, his first attempt was not successful. He had to rethink again. In the process of developing a secondary plan, the slave met
Wednesday, February 12, 2020
US Army history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
US Army history - Essay Example Today, four of America's five military branches are under the Department of Defense: United Sates Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air forces. The combined United States armed forces consist of 1.4 ml active duty personal along with several hundred thousand each in the Reserve. The United States Armed Forces are considered to be the most powerful millitery around the world (Luttwak, Koehl, 1998). Historians suppose that from its first stand at Lexington, the Army has always had a non-negotiable contract with the American people to fight and win the nation's wars. Now, over 400 years since the first colonial militia was formed in St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, the spirit and essence of the United States Army is celebrated for the first time. In retrospect, 1775 decision of the Continental Congress to create the Continental Army seems remarkably free from political strife. Delegates of all shades of opinion supported each step, and arguments largely concerned technical details. In 1794 Congress established the Office of the Purveyor of Public Supplies in the Treasury and the Office of Superintendent of Military Stores in the War Department to continue the same broad supply functions established in the Confederation period. This organization of military supply remained in effect with only slight modification until 1812.Training and discipline were the key to an effective militia. It should be mentioned that the President first exercised his authority to employ militia for suppressing insurrection and executing the laws of Congress in 1794 when Washington sent a large force of militia under Maj. The conduct of the war in 1812 revealed deficiencies in the administration of the War Department that would plague the American cause to the end. Lack of transportation was a major problem of the Army. By the end of 1848 the Army had reverted to a peacetime strength somewhat smaller than the 10,000 authorized in 1815 (Luttwak, Koehl, 1998). Congress in June 1850 approved "enlarging the companies serving on the frontier to 74 privates, a considerable increase over the 50 in the dragoons, 64 in the mounted rifles, and 42 in the artillery and infantry authorized at the end of 1848" (Millett, Maslowski, 1984). The new infantry units were armed with percussion-cap, muzzle-loading rifle muskets instead of smoothbore muskets. Nineteenth century technological developments had made possible an accurate, dependable muzzle-loading rifle with at least as fast a rate of fire as the smoothbore musket. At the U.S. Military Academy during this period, such great names as Robert E. Lee and Dennis Mahan (author of many works on engineering and fortification) appeared on the roster of staff and faculty (Millett, Maslowski, 1984). During the middle of the XIXth century the severe forms of corporal punishment were abolished in the U.S. Army. Still, Civil War medical science was primitive in comparison with that of the mid-twentieth century, an effort was made to extend medical services in the Army beyond the mere treatment of battle wounds. As an auxiliary to the regular medical service, the volunteer U.S. Sanitary Commission fitted out hospital ships and hospital units, provided male and, for the first time in the U.S. Army, female nurses, and furnished clothing and fancier foods than the regular rations (Conn, 1980). The industrial age, made a significant influence on military strategy, tactics, and organization. During 1907-1912 the U.S. Navy's
Friday, January 31, 2020
Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1
Statement - Essay Example This truly is where my heart resides. The Health Care Administration specialization was interesting, but I could see that it was not taking me where I wanted to go professionally. I looked into the specialization for Human Services and feel that this is a better fit for me professionally and personally. The Health Care Administration program required many hours of group preparation and group work. This was not possible for me because I work full time and have other important family responsibilities. I know that I will need to make sacrifices to further my education, but I felt that what I would need to sacrifice in order to obtain a Masters in Health Care Administration was too much. I especially felt this way once I realized I was moving away from my real interest, which is social work. I do not anticipate any academic concerns that were experienced in the Health Care Administration specialization. I have been assured that there is less group work in the Human Services specialization and that it is more conducive to working a full time job and having family obligations. I will also be a more motivated, thoughtful student because the coursework is more applicable to my current employment and interests. The main reason I am so excited about the Human Services Masters degree is I believe it will make me better at my current position. I already possess the values, knowledge and skills necessary to be a good social worker. I feel that increased education will make me even more effective. The most immediate outcome of earning the degree is I will be better at my job. Other reasons I want to get this degree are it will open the possibility of career advancement. I am pleased with the job I currently have. But I recognize that in the future, I would like to take on more responsibility and manage other employees and more difficult cases. So in some ways, I feel that I want to earn this degree because it will help my current situation
Thursday, January 23, 2020
NORTH KOREA :: essays research papers
In a discussion with the United States and China in Beijing on April 24, 2003, North Korean officials admitted for the first time that they possessed nuclear weapons. North Korean officials claim to have reprocessed and reproduced spent fuel rods and have threatened to begin exporting nuclear materials, unless the United States agrees to one-on-one talks with North Korea. Tension between the United States and North Korea have been running pretty stiff and high since early October of 2002. Assistant Secretary of State James Kelly informed North Korean officials that the United States was aware that North Korea had a program that was allowing them to enrich uranium for nuclear weapons. Initially North Korea denied this, but later confirmed the veracity of the US claim. à à à à à à à à à à In confirming that they had an active nuclear weapons program, they also declared the Agreed Framework agreement. The Agreed Framework signed by the United States and North Korea on October 21, 1994 in Geneva agreed that: 1.) North Korea would freeze its existing nuclear program and agree to enhanced International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards. 2.) Both sides would cooperate to replace the Democratic Peopleââ¬â¢s Republic of Korea (D.P.R.K.) graphite-moderated reactors for related facilities with light-water (LWR) power plants. 3.) Both countries would move toward full normalization of political and economic relations. 4.) Both sides will work together for peace and security on a nuclear-free Korean peninsula. 5.) Both sides would work to strengthen the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. à à à à à à à à à à Beginning in the 1960s, the Soviet Union supplied various types of missiles, nuclear power technology, and training to North Korea. China began supplying North Korea with missile technology in the 1970s. The North Korean nuclear weapons program was officially up and running with full force in the 1980s.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
The Sucess of Spain in the New World
The Success of Spain in the New World During the sixteenth century after Christopher Columbus discovery of the new world, many European empires were attracted to the new world. Among all the empires that ruled over the new world; Spain was the most successful one. The reason for their success over the other empire was due to their ability to manipulate the economy, establishment of political system and their relation with the aboriginals and the disease they brought in the new world. It wasnââ¬â¢t an easy for them to settle compare to other empires but during the time they were in control of parts of the new world. It brought them an enormous amount of wealth. The main motives of the Conquistadors were to extract resources, increase trade, spread Christianity and build a Spanish empire. After the Spanish had well settled in the New World. They immediately started trading with the mother country. The Spanish exploited lots of the goods that they received from the new world. They were extracting goods from the New World and were sending them to Spain where it was traded to other countries. The commons goods that they were trading were Silver, Spices and gold. During that time these goods were rare in Europe and had great value. Trading these goods brought a huge amount of riches to Spain. Spain was successful to make great use of the New World. They have gained a lot of money from the new world which supported them in battle and increasing its army. This will classify Spain as one of the successful leaders because they used the new world to their advantage to support them financially and the aboriginal people did not rebel against the fact that the Spanish are taking away their goods and they are not getting anything. This is because of the rules and oppression that the Spanish introduced. It was a great success as they were able to control the aboriginal people. During that time Spain revolved around Christianity. They were willing to do anything to save Christianity even go to war. After they established in the new world they knew that it would be an opportunity to convert the indigenous people into Christian which would increase the population of Christian throughout the new world. They wanted to take this action because during that time the protestant was just formed and they were threatened by their presence in Europe. They opposed their religion even more than their language over the indigenous tribes. Missionaries, the army and Spanish citizens used to destroy and stop every religious item or ritual that was not part of Catholicism. Later on to it became more all-pervading as they were burning anyone who did not wanted to convert to Christianity alive. After eliminating all of the subjects that were against conversion they were left will all Catholics. Since they were all sharing the same beliefs more or less it helped in decreasing conflicts between the indigenous and the Spanish. The missionaries were still carrying out their job by preaching to the indigenous folks to make them more knowledgeable about Christianity. By using these following procedures they were able to implement their religion through the New World which was one of the objective to conquer the New World. The Spanish established a great political system to the New World. While they were in the process of taking over the New World theyââ¬â¢ve used a smart political strategy to take over the country. Whenever there was a fight between two prodigious tribe the Spanish always use to ally with the stronger side and help them defeat the weaker side. By doing so they had eliminated and weakened many major tribes in the New World. Afterward they usually turn against the tribe they allied with if they do not accept the conditions of the conquistadors, which were commonly conversion to Christianity. This process made domination of the New World easier for the Spanish because at the end they were only left with a limited number of feeble tribes or village to take over. They also used to establish new laws when they were taking over. They had put in effect a new law that the indigenous people cannot have a metal sword in their procession. By doing so they eliminated some of the threat that they might face. Since the indigenous people were not allowed to have an effectual weapon in procession they would not be able to rebel against the Spanish as they were not in procession of any weapons that can harm the Spanish as most of the weapons that could be protential dangers were taken away from them. They brought in diseases with them that soon spread through the Indian community which resulted in death of millions. It was not the intention of the Spanish to harm the Indians instead they wanted to use the Indians as labour. After this event there was a discussion in Spain about the rights of the aboriginal people. This whole issued lead to a debate about the right of the aboriginal people and new laws were in issue for Spanish colonies in the new world. The Spanish introduced law/rules based on a constitution in the New World. Since lots of the aboriginal people died from those diseases their tribe were not strong enough to oppose the Spanish and they also needed the Spanish for their remedies for these diseases that they have never seen before. This also contributed to their success as the tribes were weaken and couldnââ¬â¢t confront them. Also because the aboriginals had to rely on them for medication. This made the Spanish important figures in that society. The aboriginals were dependant on the Spanish due to the disease that they brought along with them. The disease wasnââ¬â¢t not the only reason why the aboriginal people were oppressed by the Spanish and didnââ¬â¢t do anything. The Spanish had an advance military and theyââ¬â¢ve use a smart strategy to keep the Indian in control. Theyââ¬â¢ve allied with bigger tribe. So smaller tribe couldnââ¬â¢t go against their will as they were being oppressed by both the Spanish and the bigger tribes so they had to do whatever the Spanish wanted them to do.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Research Paper on Knowledge In the field Management
Quality assurance and product perfection is what every organization is aiming to achieve to attract and maintain customers for long in the business industry. To achieve these objectives proper planning and concentration by top management should be established to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of every individual. The success of any business is because of combined efforts among different departments and the commitment of every employee in the organization. As a manager in my organization aiming to produce the best products and services, the first thing is to ensure quality of the workers, all must be professional in their fields so that each one knows exactly what is supposed to be done at what time. I will work extra hard and ensure I set targets for every employee so that each one works knowing that targets must be achieved within a certain stipulated time. I will instill a sense of commitment to them, proper coordination of departments should be highly planned, and follow step by step their functions giving them guidelines whenever necessary and they should be responsible for any mistake. Also utilization of resources is essential since too much waste may lead to high operational cost hence the organization will not achieve the objectives on time and time is the greatest asset of any company, wasting it will pull the company miles back behind (Wales, 2010). The other plan is to put quality control measures at each stage of production. This will ensure that there are no defects or they are minimized. For customer satisfaction, I will have the overall responsibility of making sure that every procedure is followed to the latter although every participant has a role in ensuring good results. In addition, rules and regulations have to be in place so that every worker follows the right procedure. The right channel of communication and passing information in the company should be rectified, for me I will liaise with the telecommunication industry so that they can ensure up to date equipments are installed to facilitate quick processing of information (Wales, 2010). In any company, there are control systems, which facilitate the continuity of duties and smooth running of events. The boards of directors have greater influence on the structure of the control system this because it entails the broader objectives of the company like the financial strategy, effectiveness of management board and monitoring and evaluation of the information system. The board also ensures the employees integrity, competence, and operating style and persuade the audit committee to keep proper records. The control system actually provides the main functions and at the same time disciplining the other components of the structure. If the system fails to function then the organization will definitely fall due to lack of direction and accountability. My organization ensures specialization therefore the risk of some departments being dysfunctional is actually minimized. We strictly follow the format that was put in place in 1992 by the COSO report, which actually put in place components that should be operational in any organization. The components of this structure include control environment, risk assessment, control activities, and monitoring. All these components with proper passage of information amongst them will provide the necessary decisions that the company will rely on for it to achieve itsââ¬â¢ objectives (Colbert Bowen, 1996). Control system need to be plan properly because it is the driving force of the organization. With the above components it is very simple if each one of the workers cooperate and the departments are closely monitored so that none will be left behind dragging the efforts of those working extra hard round the clock. Multiple criteria should be applied to establish the viability of each determined plan. The criteria should be analyzed before application and always there are some factors that need to be considered in the planning process. First, the criterion should be acceptable; that is it must accomplish the expected targets. Acceptability verifies whether the work force, resources and the time invested in the organization is worth the venture and is it reliable to the legal constrains. The other point is that the criteria should be adequate implying that it should determine the range and concept of the activities planned. It should establish the efficiency of completing tasks and enab le satisfactory of the management efforts (Simmons, 1996). The criteria should also be complete and give full description of the organizational structure. Be complete in such a way that it give all answers pertaining a particular thing, shows what are the objectives and when are they to be completed showing the format of handling tasks and more so specifying the urgent needs of the organization. Apart from being complete, the control system should be distinguishable from any other course of action within the organization and is recognized from other systems. Since the control system is for the good will of the company, it must be flexible and allow changes since the organizational structure keeps on changing from time to time depending on the market conditions. This is actually the systematic procedure for evaluation of the control system and the boardââ¬â¢s plan. The criterion flexibility should be focused to additional research during the analysis, implementation, and testing of the desired measures. Universally I think the possible pro blems will be reliable for assessing the quality of the plan. Possible scale from 0-100% or a scale from uncertainty may be comparable the constructive. Focusing on the probability scale I propose to establish three zones: a red zone where possibility is less than 50%, a yellow zone greater than 50% but less than 75%, and a green zone where possibility is greater than 75%. Following these composite steps will evaluate the plan successfully (Power 2006). For quality products and services to be achieved, the management should put in place certain principles that facilitate the proposed procedures and work towards attaining them. The first principle is customer focused. Since the companyââ¬â¢s main goal is to make profits, the customers should be treated with the utmost care. Therefore, their needs and expectations should be taken care of so that whenever they get the services they feel satisfied. The usefulness of this is that it will lead to increased revenue, effectiveness, and customer loyalty. The techniques involved include carrying out market research and ensuring that the quality of the products is maintained. Constant communication with the customers and responding to their specifications helps keep their trust. The other essential for quality management is good leadership. Managers promote unity of action and give direction to the company by creating a conducive environment where each employee feels part of the team. Good leadership therefore helps to motivate workers and make them work hard towards achieving the objectives of the organization and minimize cases of miscommunication among the various departments. The technique applied here is emphasizing the mission and vision of the organization and setting up clear and achievable targets for each individual. The leaders should also accept criticism, share values, fairness, and ethical role models promoting trust and minimizing fear among the workers and also by giving them incentives and promotions done on merits. More so, the managers should also involve everyone right from the junior employees to the seniors, for they all contribute to the success of the organization. Their creativity and innovation should be encouraged and be allowed to work independently so as to avoid cases of mistrust and jealousy among themselves but have a healthy competition; this will enhance their effectiveness, competence and gain the required experience as they develop themselves. Again, the management should engage what is call system approach management to identify, comprehend, and supervise interrelated methods of realizing effectiveness and efficiency of every group. This help in building confidence and consistency of the organization. Another important principle of management is continual improvement. An organization should actually ensure that it performs better each term and if possible think of even expansion of itââ¬â¢sââ¬â¢ services to include other products. Continuity has to be the main objective since you can just enter into a business that has no future. Seizing opportunities all the time should be the interest of every leader. This is achieved by constant and regular training offered to employees and adapting new technologies quickly. Lastly, the leader should be good in decision-making and know when to take actions in handling a situation (Power, 2006). Being in this profession and in particular this organization has brought a lot of impact to my life. First it has expose me to a lot of challenges which are too demanding and needs quick decisions this makes me open minded and act fast to situations providing quick solutions and also gaining a lot of experiences. Due to frequent traveling in the organization I have meet several people of all types and status hence it has helped me to socialize and learn different cultures and their adaptability to life Simmons, 1996). For sure, nothing can be as interesting as being a leader in an organization especially one that is striving very well. Quality management is actually the driving force in any organization and without sound management, that particular organization will not live to achieve itsââ¬â¢ objectives. References: Colbert, J. and Bowen, P. (1996). A comparison of internal controls: CobiT, SAC, COSO andà à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à SAS. Canada: Altamonte springs. Power, D. (2006). What criteria should be used for evaluating proposed plan? Boston: à à à à à à à à à à à Houghton Mifflin Co.
Monday, December 30, 2019
Biography of Charles Vane, English Pirate
Charles Vane (c. 680ââ¬â1721) was an English pirate active during the Golden Age of Piracy, roughly from 1700 to 1725. Vane distinguished himself by his unrepentant attitude toward piracy and his cruelty to those he captured. Although his primary hunting grounds were the Caribbean, he ranged from the Bahamas north along the East Coast of North America as far as New York. He was known as a skilled navigator and combat tactician, but he often alienated his crews. After being abandoned by his last crew, he was arrested, tried, convicted, and hanged in 1721. Start of a Career Very little is known about Vanes early life, including his parents, his birthplace, and any formal education he acquired. He arrived in Port Royal, Jamaica, sometime during the War of Spanish Succession (1701ââ¬â1714), and in 1716 he began serving under the infamous pirate Henry Jennings, based in Nassau, Bahamas. In late July 1715, a Spanish treasure fleet was hit by a hurricane off the coast of Florida, dumping tons of Spanish gold and silver not far from shore. As the surviving Spanish sailors salvaged what they could, pirates made a beeline for the wreck site. Jennings, with Vane on board, was one of the first to reach the site. His buccaneers raided the Spanish camp on shore, making off with some 87,000 British pounds in gold and silver. Rejection of a Pardon In 1718, King George I of England issued a blanket pardon for all pirates who wished to return to an honest life. Many accepted, including Jennings. Vane, however, scoffed at the notion of retirement and soon became the leader of those in Jennings crew who refused the pardon. Vane and several other pirates outfitted a small sloop, the Lark, for service as a pirate vessel. On Feb. 23, 1718, the royal Frigate HMS Phoenix arrived in Nassau, part of an attempt to convince the remaining pirates to surrender. Vane and his men were capturedà but were released as a goodwill gesture. Within a couple weeks, Vane and some of his die-hard companions were ready to resume piracy. Soon he had 40 of Nassaus worst cutthroats, including seasoned buccaneer Edward England and Calico Jack Rackham, who later became a notorious pirate captain. Reign of Terror By April 1718, Vane had a handful of small ships and was ready for action. He captured 12 merchant ships that month. He and his men treated captured sailors and merchants cruelly, whether they surrendered or fought. One sailor was bound hand and foot and tied to the top of the bowsprit; the pirates threatened to shoot him if he didnt reveal where the treasure on board was located. Fear of Vane drove commerce in the area to a halt. His hunting grounds eventually ranged from the Bahamas along the East Coast of North America as far north as New York. Vane knew that Woodes Rogers, the new British governor of the Bahamas, would be arriving soon. Deciding that his position in Nassau was too weak, he set out to capture a larger pirate ship. He soon took a 20-gun French ship and made it his flagship. In June and July of 1718, he seized many more small merchant vessels, more than enough to keep his men happy. He triumphantly re-entered Nassau, essentially taking over the town. Bold Escape On July 24, 1718, as Vane and his men prepared to set off again, a Royal Navy frigate sailed into the harbor with the new governor. Vane controlled the harbor and its small fort, which flew a pirate flag. He welcomed the governor by firing immediately on the Royal Navy fleet and then sending a letter to Rogers demanding that he be allowed to dispose of his plundered goods before accepting the kings pardon. As night fell, Vane knew his situation had deteriorated, so he set fire to his flagship and sent it toward the navy ships, hoping to destroy them in a massive explosion. The British fleet hurriedly cut its anchor lines and got away. Vane and his men escaped. Meeting With Blackbeard Vane continued pirating with some success, but he still dreamed of the days when Nassau was under his control. He headed to North Carolina, where Edward Blackbeard Teach had gone semi-legitimate. The two pirate crews partied for a week in October 1718 on the shores of Ocracoke Island. Vane hoped to convince his old friend to join in an attack on Nassau, but Blackbeard declined, having too much to lose. Deposed by His Crew On Nov. 23, Vane ordered an attack on a frigate that turned out to be a French Navy warship. Outgunned, Vane broke off the fight and fled, though his crew, led by the reckless Calico Jack, wanted to stay and fight to take the French ship. The next day, the crew deposed Vane as captain and elected Calico Jack instead. Vane and 15 others were given a small sloop, and the two pirate crews went their separate ways. Capture Vane and his small band managed to capture a few more ships and by December they had five. They headed for the Bay Islands of Honduras, but a massive hurricane soon scattered their ships. Vanes sloop was destroyed and most of his men drowned; he was left shipwrecked on a small island. After a few miserable months, a British ship arrived. Vane tried to join the crew under a false name, but he was recognized by the captain of the second vessel that met the British ship. Vane was placed in chains and taken to Spanish Town, Jamaica, where he was imprisoned. Death and Legacy Vane was tried for piracy on March 22, 1721. The outcome was in little doubt, as a long line of witnesses testified against him, including many of his victims. He was hanged on March 29, 1721, at Gallows Point in Port Royal. His body was hung from a gibbet near the entrance to the harbor as a warning to other pirates. Vane is remembered today as one of the most unrepentant pirates of all time. His greatest impact may have been his steadfast refusal to accept a pardon, giving other like-minded pirates a leader to rally around. His hanging and the subsequent display of his body may have contributed to the hoped-for effect: The Golden Age of Piracy came to an end not long after his demise. Sources Defoe, Daniel (Capt. Charles Johnson). A General History of the Pyrates. Dover Publications, 1999.Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Lyons Press, 2009.Rediker, Marcus. Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age. Beacon Press, 2004.Woodard, Colin. The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down. Mariner Books, 2008.Famous Pirates: Charles Vane. Thewayofthepirates.com.
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